O confinamento ao local de origem ou de residência oficial, ou seja, a vinculação absoluta de um indivíduo ao local em que ele se encontra registrado pela polícia, é um dado stalinista, reproduzido pela China maoista. Stalin criou o passaporte interno, ou seja, um documento que permitisse ao um indivíduo, no caso súdito de uma autocracia comunista, pudesse tomar um trem, um ônibus, para visitar parentes em outro local. Na URSS deve ter sido abolido com a abertura kruscheviana do final dos anos 1950, mas não tenho certeza. Pode ser que tenha continuado no papel, sem ter sido abolido oficialmente, mas não aplicado na prática. Na China, ele nunca foi abolido.
Ou seja, todos os chineses ainda vivem o mesmo regime feudal, da prisão perpétua à sua terra de origem. Eles não tem permissão para ir para outros lugares.
Mas, como a China é um país mais capitalista do que o Brasil, e como os capitalistas precisam de trabalhadores "livres" -- como diria Marx -- eles se movimentam pelo país.
São os chamados "flutuantes", porque literalmente flutuam de um local de trabalho a outro, os modernos paus-de-arara da China, que dormem nas construções e passam de um emprego a outro, numa contínua movimentação física.
Devem existir mais ou menos 150 milhões de flutuantes, o que, com alguns dependentes (que eles não são autorizados a trazer para as cidades) devem fazer mais de 220 milhões de ilegais.s
Só em Shanghai, como explica a matéria abaixo, são mais de 5 milhões.
Eu disse 5 milhões.
Está bem assim, ou vocês querem mais?
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Advisers urge more help for 5m living unofficially in city
By Yang Meiping | Shanghai Daily,
August 6, 2014, Wednesday
|
Print Edition
Print Edition
People get
on a ferry at Shiliupu Dock on the Bund. The city’s political advisers
have called for more help for migrants. — Kou Cong
MORE than 5 million people are living unofficially in Shanghai, according to new figures.
Of some 11 million people from other areas living in the city, 5.37 million do not have residence certificates, said the local public security bureau.
While locals and migrants with residence certificates are entitled to health benefits and education services, this group are not and many live and work in the city’s peripheries.
More housing and adjustments to the city industrial structure are required to tackle this problem, said deputy directors of the bureau Jiang Xianfa and Ni Jianyu, and former deputy director Wu Yan’an.
The directors, who are all local political advisers, were detailing suggestions for the new round of urbanization work.
By the end of 2013, Shanghai’s population reached 24.15 million, according to the Shanghai Statistics Bureau.
This figure includes locals, incomers with residence certificates and other migrants who have lived in the city for more than six months.
Of the city’s total population of out-of-towners, only 10 percent are college graduates, the officials said.
Some 55,000 migrant families run unlicensed businesses — 85 percent of all such businesses in the city, according to the industrial and commercial administrative department.
These include, eateries, stalls and recycling businesses.
The employment status of more than 4 million incomers are unknown — 42 percent of the out-of-town workforce.
To address these problems, Shanghai should adjust its industrial structure to weed out low-value-added industries, said the advisers.
It must attract highly skilled workers and urge migrant people to get the skills to find employment in local industries.
The city must also meet the housing needs of migrant workers, by providing public housing and dormitories, and consider subsidies for employers who offer subsidized accommodation for out-of-town workers, the advisers added.
Of some 11 million people from other areas living in the city, 5.37 million do not have residence certificates, said the local public security bureau.
While locals and migrants with residence certificates are entitled to health benefits and education services, this group are not and many live and work in the city’s peripheries.
More housing and adjustments to the city industrial structure are required to tackle this problem, said deputy directors of the bureau Jiang Xianfa and Ni Jianyu, and former deputy director Wu Yan’an.
The directors, who are all local political advisers, were detailing suggestions for the new round of urbanization work.
By the end of 2013, Shanghai’s population reached 24.15 million, according to the Shanghai Statistics Bureau.
This figure includes locals, incomers with residence certificates and other migrants who have lived in the city for more than six months.
Of the city’s total population of out-of-towners, only 10 percent are college graduates, the officials said.
Some 55,000 migrant families run unlicensed businesses — 85 percent of all such businesses in the city, according to the industrial and commercial administrative department.
These include, eateries, stalls and recycling businesses.
The employment status of more than 4 million incomers are unknown — 42 percent of the out-of-town workforce.
To address these problems, Shanghai should adjust its industrial structure to weed out low-value-added industries, said the advisers.
It must attract highly skilled workers and urge migrant people to get the skills to find employment in local industries.
The city must also meet the housing needs of migrant workers, by providing public housing and dormitories, and consider subsidies for employers who offer subsidized accommodation for out-of-town workers, the advisers added.
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