O que é este blog?

Este blog trata basicamente de ideias, se possível inteligentes, para pessoas inteligentes. Ele também se ocupa de ideias aplicadas à política, em especial à política econômica. Ele constitui uma tentativa de manter um pensamento crítico e independente sobre livros, sobre questões culturais em geral, focando numa discussão bem informada sobre temas de relações internacionais e de política externa do Brasil. Para meus livros e ensaios ver o website: www.pralmeida.org. Para a maior parte de meus textos, ver minha página na plataforma Academia.edu, link: https://itamaraty.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida;

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Mostrando postagens com marcador Adam Smith. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador Adam Smith. Mostrar todas as postagens

terça-feira, 18 de janeiro de 2022

Uma homenagem a Adam Smith - Marcos Aguinis (La Nación)

Estamos quase chegando nos 250 anos de publicação da obra magna de Adam Smith, quando os Estados Unidos também estarão comemorando o primeiro quarto de milênio de sua história independente. Uma boa marca para fazer um balanço do que eles fizeram de bom, e de menos bom, para a história da humanidade. Pretendo fazer um balanço de todas essas datas...

Paulo Roberto de Almeida

La Nación, Buenos Aires – 17.1.2022

El inmortal Adam Smith

Sus observaciones superaron las utopías caducas de su tiempo y de algunos tiempos que le sucederían

Marcos Aguinis 

 

Merece los laureles del recuerdo. Este hombre vivió y creó sus principales obras antes de la Revolución Francesa. Es importante reconocer su visión profética en tiempos confusos y ardientes. Su cerebro estaba provisto de un enorme telescopio, que se tardó en advertir. Sus descubrimientos sobre aspectos decisivos de las conductas humanas tuvieron una repercusión notable en el devenir de los siglos. Sus datos biográficos generan sorpresa, porque revelan una personalidad enmarañada, que atrapa informaciones diversas. Y a las que somete a un filtro y análisis cuidadoso, incansable, crítico.

Nació en Escocia y se enlazó con personalidades que también contribuyeron a enriquecer su corajuda visión humanística. Supuso que la moral y la filosofía, a las que investigó y sobre las cuales dejó páginas notables, serían el principal legado que podía construir. Pero, provisto de humildad, no advirtió que sobrepasaba ese nivel y pasaba a ser el padre de la moderna economía. Sus observaciones superaron las utopías caducas de su tiempo y de algunos tiempos que le sucederían. El marxismo y otras teorías de trágicas consecuencias, así como las mentiras del populismo, han generado miseria, odio y decadencia mental. No se atreven siquiera Los dejan a un costado porque relumbran. Solo se limitan a citarlo, como a un clásico viejo, caduco, aburrido.a compararlas con los aportes de Adam Smith. 

La obra trascendental de este genio fue La riqueza de las naciones. No se limitó a elaborarla durante años, decidirse a escribirla con la mayor objetividad y editarla, sino que la siguió sometiendo a inclementes ajustes con cada reedición, como si estuviese corrigiendo los papeles de un estudiante mediocre. Durante años, mediante investigaciones adicionales, reflexiones, pruebas y contrapruebas que mantuvieron vivo el interés de sus ideas. Los amigos advertían que su rostro sereno escondía una máquina en permanente actividad. A menudo lo encontraban perdido, lejos de su casa, pensando. Se preocuparon por su salud. Lo invitaban a comer, beber, a reuniones sociales. Algunos se burlaban creyéndolo “triste como un perro”. Pero no estaba triste, sino navegando en las aguas de su océano lleno de rutas que debía explorar. Movía el jarro de cerveza, pedía que le repitiesen una pregunta reciente, olvidaba su abrigo, sabía que era un insocial y trataba de saludar con afecto, pero sin recordar con precisión a quién saludaba. Muchas veces lo acompañaban a su casa y lo ayudaban a preparar la comida o lavar la ropa.

Dejando en relativo descanso las múltiples inquietudes humanísticas sobre las que seguía escribiendo y dando clase, perseveraba en los asuntos que le darían originalidad. Y que lo convirtieron en el padre de la economía moderna. Demostró que el mercado libre –que muchos ignoraban o no lo entendían o reducían a las verdulerías– era el motor del progresoLa palabra “mercado” se asociaba y muchos aún asocian a las ventas y las compras. No es así: incluye hasta la cultura. Nadie en particular lo ha inventado, es producto de las agrupaciones humanas. Por lo tanto, se hunde en la prehistoria y fue creciendo paulatinamente. El motor de su desarrollo es el comercio, que no se limita a los bienes materiales, sino también a provenientes del espíritu, el arte y todo lo que intercambian los seres humanosSu funcionamiento produjo la maravillosa división del trabajo. Sin saberlo, todos los integrantes de una sociedad –sean vendedores, pensadores, compradores y productores– contribuyen a que esta máquina funcione y haga avanzar al conjunto, con menos o mayor beneficio para cada sector o individuo. Donde esta máquina mejor funciona es donde más enérgico es ese progreso. En cambio, donde esa máquina es bloqueada, el atraso es mayor para todos, excepto para los pocos individuos que se benefician de ese bloqueo. Ojo: siempre hay sujetos que perturban el beneficio general; mienten al proclamar lo contrario.

Otro dato interesante –y que sigue siendo cuestionado hasta ahora– es el de la propiedad privada. Haría reír a Adam Smith, y hace reír a todos los que se detienen a reflexionar. Resulta grosero que en numerosas sociedades que se denominan cristianas desconozcan su importancia cardinal. Señalo esto porque ya en los Diez Mandamientos el séptimo ordena: “No robarás”. Si se condena el robo, obviamente está prohibido apropiarse de algo que pertenece a otro. Si “pertenece” a alguien, existe la propiedad. Esto ha sido descubierto desde la antigüedad más remota.

Adam Smith desconcertó con algo más escandaloso aún: demostró que el progreso no se debe a la caridad, sino al egoísmo. Dijo textualmente: “No obtenemos los alimentos por la benevolencia del carnicero, del cervecero o el panadero, sino por la preocupación que tienen ellos en su propio interés, sus necesidades, sus ambiciones”. No nos dirigimos a sus sentimientos humanitarios, sino a su egoísmo, cuando reclamamos esos objetos, porque de lo contrario ellos no producirán ni se ocuparían de exhibir sus productos y venderlos. Ocurre que la palabra egoísmo se ha cargado de color negativo, sin entenderse su funcionalidad. El egoísmo no debe ejercerse contra el prójimo, sino para atenderse a uno mismo sin dañar al otro. Y el otro debe comportarse del mismo modo. El mundo no funciona sobre la base de la clemencia.

Utilizando distintas palabras, puede decirse que siempre se actúa según el deseo o el interés de cada uno. Es propio de la vida en general. Los esfuerzos que se realizan para incrementar la solidaridad y el bien de amplias comunidades oscurecen el motor que trabaja desde el fondo de los inconscientes. Un sabio se esmera en señalar los caminos virtuosos y un delincuente, en realizar un exitoso delito. Pero cada uno opera sobre la base del impulso que le llega desde sus oscuras profundidades. Es horrible lo que suele hacer el delincuente, pero opera siguiendo su deseo, no el del otro.

Agrega Adam Smith: “La propiedad que cada hombre obtiene de su propio trabajo es sagrada y debe ser inviolable, puesto que es la base de los demás beneficios”. Los agricultores florecientes odian la agricultura colectiva, porque solo les ofrece apenas una ganancia ínfima por un trabajo adicional. Lo mismo ocurre con los trabajadores más productivos de una fábrica, quienes pierden interés en ser más productivos si no se recompensan sus esfuerzos. En todas partes brota el descontento cuando se intenta obligar a obedecer en todo, incluso en el pensar. Entonces el ser humano baja al sótano de la esclavitud.

Su voluminoso libro reclama una lectura cuidadosa, porque soluciona muchos de los conflictos que perturban hasta hoy. Este pensador sería atacado a pedradas debido a las ideas prejuiciosas que atan a muchas personas hasta el presente. Las piedras serían arrojadas por quienes suponen que responden a la más elevada moral, sin darse cuenta de que esa moral es reaccionaria.

No es casual que el mismo lúcido pensador que limpió de barro las equívocas ideas sobre los secretos de la riqueza haya sido un obsesivo investigador de la ética. Tampoco es casual que talentos nutridos por la fuerza de una cultura iridiscente como los de Mario Vargas Llosa y Alberto Benegas Lynch (h.) lo hayan homenajeado desde hace mucho, al hacer más comprensibles sus ideas y las de sus sucesores.

 

*

terça-feira, 11 de junho de 2019

Grandes economistas no Google Scholar: Adam Smith, Keynes, Hayek, Friedman, Marx

Eis, pela ordem, os economistas mais citados por outros economistas, segundo a volumetria do Google Scholar (coloquei os percentuais dos demais economistas em relação a um hipotético benchmark de 100% para Adam Smith, o mais citado de todos: 

1. Adam Smith (100%).
2. John Maynard Keynes (73%)
3. Friedrich von Hayek (34%)
4. Milton Friedman (22%)
5. Karl Marx (20%)


domingo, 22 de abril de 2018

Cairu: a Brazilian Adam Smith - Paulo Roberto de Almeida

Meu mais recente artigo publicado: 

A Brazilian Adam Smith

Cairu as the Founding Father of Political Economy in Brazil at the beginning of the 19th century

  • Paulo Roberto AlmeidaUniceub; IPRI-Funag/MRE
Keywords: Adam Smith, José da Silva Lisboa, Visconde de Cairu, economic thought

Abstract

Adam Smith’s seminal work, The Wealth of Nations, was introduced to Brazilian readers by an autodidatic “economist”, José da Silva Lisboa, at the beginning of the 19th century. The paper intends to reconstruct the reception of Smith’s ideas in Brazil (and Portugal), through the early works of José da Silva Lisboa. He was a remarkable intellectual, liberal by instinct besides a government official, who was largely responsible for the “economic opening” of Brazilian ports to foreign trade (decreed by the Portuguese Regent, Prince D. João, in 1808, at his arrival in Brazil). He was honored with the title of Viscount of Cairu (who became the patron of the Brazilian economists in the 20th century). He translated, incorporated, copied and transformed many Smithian ideas in his books (published in Portugal and Brazil, by Imprensa Régia), adapting them to a colonial economy and a backward agricultural environment. He suggested, among other original features, the existence of a fourth factor of production (besides land, labor and capital): knowledge, which could be considered an anticipation of modern conceptual evolution in economic thinking.

Author Biography

Paulo Roberto Almeida, Uniceub; IPRI-Funag/MRE
Paulo Roberto de Almeida, Brasília, Brazil (pralmeida@me.com) Director, International Relations Research Institute (IPRI, Min. of Foreign Affairs) Professor of International Political Economy at the Graduate Studies in Law, University Center of Brasília (Uniceub) (www.pralmeida.org; http://diplomatizzando.blogspot.com)

References

ALMODOVAR, António. Introduction to: Lisboa, José da Silva. Escritos Económicos Escolhidos, 1804-1820. Coleção de Obras Clássicas do Pensamento Económico Português, Lisboa, 1993.
ARRIGHI, Giovanni.. Adam Smith in Beijing: Lineages of the Twenty-First Century. Londres, 2007.
______. The winding paths of capital. Interview with David Harvey. New Left Review, n.56, Mar-Apr/2009, p.61-94. Avaible em: or . Acessed at: 5 dec. 2016.
CAIRU, José da Silva Lisboa. Observações sobre a franqueza da indústria, e estabelecimento de fábricas no Brasil (1810). Senado Federal, Coleção Biblioteca Básica Brasileira, Brasília, 1999. 
FENELON, Dea Ribeiro. Cairu e Hamilton: um estudo comparativo. Tese de doutorado apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, 1973.
FURTADO, Celso. Formação Econômica do Brasil (1959). Fundo de Cultura.Rio de Janeiro, 1963. 
LIMA, Heitor Ferreira. História do Pensamento Econômico no Brasil. Companhia Editora Nacional, São Paulo, 1976.
LISBOA, José da Silva. Escritos Económicos Escolhidos, 1804-1820. Banco de Portugal, Coleção de Obras Clássicas do Pensamento Económico Português, Lisboa, 1993.
OLIVEIRA, Luis Valente de; RICUPERO, Rubens (orgs.). A Abertura dos Portos. Senac-SP, São Paulo, 2007.
SMITH, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Londres, 1791.

Published
2018-04-17

How to Cite
Almeida, P. (2018). A Brazilian Adam Smith. MISES: Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy, Law and Economics6(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30800/mises.2018.v6.64

sábado, 17 de março de 2018

Antes da Economics, havia a Political Economy - um site com textos antigos

Aqui: https://beforeeconomics.wordpress.com

Before Economics

About

Before Economics is a podcast series about the history of political economy, focusing on the British case. Each episode examines a key text in this history. The podcast is supported by the European Society for the History of Economic Thought and the University of Queensland. This site acts as a supplement to the podcasts, providing readers with an opportunity to look at the texts covered in the podcast, and to find other resources relating to these texts and the history of political economy more broadly.
Before Economics is hosted by Dr Ryan Walter, Senior Lecturer in Political Economy at the University of Queensland. Dr Walter is an intellectual historian working on the history of political and economic thought, focusing on Britain in the ‘long eighteenth century’. His current work examines how political economy was absorbed – or rejected – by Parliament and British society as a source of authoritative knowledge.
Political economy was a patriarchal discourse in the sense that it routinely took the patriarchal household as a model for the government of a state or nation. As a result, gendered language has often been used when describing the texts under study to convey the original meanings.
Sincere thanks to the following interviewees: Lorenzo Cello, Keith Tribe, Terry Peach, Richard van den Berg, Michele Chiaruzzi, Marco Guidi, Karin Sellberg, Leigh Penman, Richard Devetak, Richard Whatmore, Sergio Cremaschi, Mauro Simonazzi.
Niyi Adepoyibi was the sound engineer for the podcasts. This site has been created with the assistance of David Kearns.

sexta-feira, 18 de agosto de 2017

O "milagre" de Hong-Kong e o seu autor - livro biografia sobre John Cowperthwaite

Na verdade, não tem nenhum milagre. Apenas Adam Smith aplicado na prática, e constantemente.
Muito tempos antes que o World Economic Forum ou o Insead, ou a Heritage Foundation e o Fraser Institute, começassem a fazer os seus rankings e classificações de liberdade econômica, de competitividade, de bom ambiente para negócios, Milton Friedman já tinha detectado o sucesso que era e estava se tornando Hong Kong, um monte de pedras, algumas ilhas, que não tinham absolutamente nada em cima, a não ser uma boa localização no sul da China, perto do enclave português, bem mais antigo, que era Macau.
Pois bem: depois que a colônia inglesa (que tinha sido atribuída à Grã Bretanha por cem anos, de acordo com os tratados desiguais do século XIX) foi libertada da dominação japonesa ao final da Segunda Guerra -- um dos que ficaram presos ali foi o militar Charles Boxer, futuro historiador do império marítimo português -- sua renda per capita era menos da metade da renda per capita da metrópole. Bem antes da colônia ser devolvida à China, a renda já tinha ultrapassado a da metrópole, e atualmente é mais de 30% superior, e isso a despeito, desde os anos 1950 (pós-revolução comunista no continente), de um afluxo constante de refugiados e emigrados de várias partes da Ásia, buscando simplesmente liberdade para empreender, pessoas miseráveis, chegando sem qualquer pertence, muitas delas dormindo em cortiços na cidade (que ainda existem) ou em sampans no rio ou na sua embocadura. São essas pessoas miseráveis que criaram a riqueza de Hong Kong, como aliás dizia Adam Smith, seguida pelo administrador inglês da colônia, o homem que criou a sua prosperidade, e que é objeto desta biografia resenhada nesta matéria.
O que dizia Adam Smith, além da sua famosa frase sobre a "mão invisível", que muitos equivocadamente elevam à condição de teoria, quando é uma simpes imagem. Adam Smith disse o seguinte:

Little else is requisite to carry a state to the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism, but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice; all the rest being brought about by the natural course of things. All governments which thwart this natural course, which force things into another channel, or which endeavor to arrest the progress of society at a particular point, are unnatural, and to support themselves are obliged to be oppressive and tyrannical.

E não venham me dizer que esses princípios só se aplicam em situações especiais, em países pequenos, em cidades-Estado, como Cingapura e Hong-Kong, justamente.
Não: princípios de governo se aplicam em quaisquer circunstâncias, qualquer que seja o tamanho do país, por mais pobre que ele seja. O Brasil podia aprender com isso.
Elementar, não é?

Paulo Roberto de Almeida​
Brasília, 18 de agosto de 2017


The man behind the Hong Kong miracle



I have just finished reading Neil Monnery’s new book, Architect of Prosperity: Sir John Cowperthwaite and the Making of Hong Kong. This fascinating account of the rise of Hong Kong as a global economic powerhouse is well written and, as such, easy to read and understand. I’m happy to recommend it wholeheartedly to CapX’s discerning readership.
I first became interested in the story of Hong Kong in the late 1990s. The emotional handover of the colony from the United Kingdom to China, for example, is deeply impressed on my memory. But also, as part of my doctoral research at the University of St Andrews, I read a number of essays about the rise of Hong Kong written by the Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman. Friedman, an advocate of the free market and small government, believed that individuals, when left unmolested, will strive to improve their lives and those of their families. Prosperity will follow.
His was similar to Adam Smith’s insight:
“Little else is requisite to carry a state to the highest degree of opulence from the lowest barbarism, but peace, easy taxes, and a tolerable administration of justice; all the rest being brought about by the natural course of things. All governments which thwart this natural course, which force things into another channel, or which endeavor to arrest the progress of society at a particular point, are unnatural, and to support themselves are obliged to be oppressive and tyrannical.”
No country in modern history has come as close to Smith’s ideal as Hong Kong. The territory that the British Foreign Secretary Viscount Palmerston described as “a barren island with hardly a house upon it” was once very poor. In the immediate aftermath of World War II and Japanese occupation, its per capita income was about a third of that in the United Kingdom.
By the time British colonial rule ended, Hong Kong was 10 per cent richer than the mother country. Last year, the former colony was 37 per cent richer than the UK. It is, therefore, apposite that the man credited with Hong Kong’s success should be a Scottish civil servant, a University of St Andrews alumnus, and a devotee of Adam Smith: Sir John Cowperthwaite.
As Monnery explains, Cowperthwaite was not the first small government advocate to oversee the colony’s economy and finances. A succession of colonial governors and their financial secretaries ran a shoe string government. But, they did so out of financial necessity, rather than deep ideological commitment to small government.
As Financial Secretaries, Geoffrey Fellows (1945-1951) and Arthur Clarke (1951-1961) established a regime of low taxes and budgetary surpluses, and free flow of good and capital. To those foundations, Cowperthwaite (1961-1971) added not only the vigour of his convictions, but also a handpicked successor, Philip Haddon-Cave (1971-1981). By the time Haddon-Cave departed, the success of Hong Kong’s experiment with small government was undeniable not only to the British, but also to the Chinese. Margaret Thatcher embarked on her journey to dismantle British socialism in 1979, while Deng Xiaoping started undoing the damage caused by Chinese communism in 1978.


And that brings me to the most important reason why Cowperthwaite, rather than Fellows and Clarke, deserve to be credited with the rise of Hong Kong. Basically, he was the right man at the right place in the right time – the 1960s. It was all well and good to run a small government when the colony was still poor. By the 1960s, however, the colony was prospering and demands for higher government spending (as a proportion of GDP) were increasing. As an aside, the government’s nominal spending increased each year in tandem with economic growth. To make matters much worse, socialism, be it in its Soviet form (i.e., central planning) or in its more benign British form (state ownership of the commanding heights of the economy) was ascendant.
In fact, just before departing from Hong Kong, Clarke appears to have had a sudden crisis of confidence in the colony’s economic model, noting:
“We have, I think, come to a turning point in our financial history … There seem to be two courses we can follow. We can carry on as we are doing … Or we can do something to plan our economy … Which course should we adopt?”
Mercifully, Cowperthwaite was able to articulate the reasons for staying the course. In his early budget debates, he noted:
“I now come to the more general and far-reaching suggestion made by Mr Barton and Mr Knowles, that is, the need to plan our economic future and in particular, the desirability of a five-year plan. I would like to say a few words about some of the principles involved in the question of planning the overall economic development of the colony.
“I must, I am afraid, begin by expressing my deep-seated dislike and distrust of anything of this sort in Hong Kong. Official opposition to overall economic planning and planning controls has been characterised in a recent editorial as ‘Papa knows best.’ But it is precisely because Papa does not know best that I believe that Government should not presume to tell any businessman or industrialist what he should or should not do, far less what he may or may not do; and no matter how it may be dressed up that is what planning is.”
And:
“An economy can be planned, I will not say how effectively, when there unused resources and a finite, captive, domestic market, that is, when there is a possibility of control of both production and consumption, of both supply and demand. These are not our circumstances; control of these factors lies outside our borders. For us a multiplicity of individual decisions by businessmen and industrialists will still, I am convinced, produce a better and wiser result than a single decision by a Government or by a board with its inevitably limited knowledge of the myriad factors involved, and its inflexibility.


“Over a wide field of our economy it is still the better course to rely on the nineteenth century’s ‘hidden hand’ than to thrust clumsy bureaucratic fingers into its sensitive mechanism. In particular, we cannot afford to damage its mainspring, freedom of competitive enterprise.”
It is not clear whether Cowperthwaite ever read Friedrich Hayek’s 1945 essay, “The Use of Knowledge in Society”, which posits that allocation “of scarce resources requires knowledge dispersed among many people, with no individual or group of experts capable of acquiring it all”, or whether he came to the same conclusions as the Austrian Nobel Prize-winning economist on his own. But, even if he were consciously or sub-consciously influenced by Hayek, it speaks much of Cowperthwaite “the thinker” that he took Hayek’s insights to heart, unlike so many decision-makers around the world, who succumbed to the Siren calls of socialism.
And so it was with considerable amazement that, towards the end of my first year at St Andrews, I discovered Cowperthwaite and I were neighbours. His house on 25 South Street was a few hundred feet away from Deans Court, the University’s post-graduate student residence. I immediately wrote to him and he responded, asking me to come for tea. I spent a wonderful afternoon in his presence and kept in touch with him during my remaining time at St Andrews.
Last time I saw him, he came to the launch of the libertarian student magazine Catallaxy, which my friend, Alex Singleton, and I wrote together. As he took his leave, I saw him walk down Market Street and got a distinct feeling that it would be for the last time. Shortly after I graduated and moved to Washington. A new life and new job took precedence and St Andrews slowly receded down memory lane.
Neil Monnery’s book made those wonderful memories come alive again. His work has immortalised a man to whom so many owe so much. Architect of Prosperity is an economic and intellectual history. Above all, it is a tribute to a principled, self-effacing, consequential and deeply moral man. Monnery deserves our gratitude for writing it.
Marian Tupy is Editor of HumanProgress.org and a senior policy analyst at the Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity

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quinta-feira, 6 de julho de 2017

Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought: homenagem a Antonio Almodovar

Um número riquíssimo nesta nova edição da revista ibérica de pensamento econômico. Eu estava justamente lendo a belíssima introdução de António Almodovar às obras selecionadas de José da Silva Lisboa, o Visconde de Cairu, patrono da economia brasileira, e que poderia ser considerado uma espécie de Adam Smith luso-brasileiro, ou mesmo latino-americano, dada sua precocidade na apresentação do pensamento do grande economista e filósofo moral escocês nos dois lados do Atlântico. 
Este número da revista espanhola traz vários artigos sobre o mestre escocês e outros pensadores da economia.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida

Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought

Iberian Journal for the History of Economic Thought (IJHET) (ISSN-e 2386-5768) es una revista internacional digital, de periodicidad semestral, para la discusión y el debate de investigaciones originales de pensamiento económico e historia de las ideas económicas que promueve la Asociación Ibérica de Historia del Pensamiento Económico (AIHPE). Publicó su primer número en 2014. Los artículos, con evaluación por pares, se publican en inglés, español o portugués. También incluye reseñas de libros de pensamiento económico y aloja el boletín de la Asociación Ibérica que desde 2004 difunde información sobre publicaciones, congresos y experiencias docentes hispano-portuguesas en Historia del Pensamiento Económico.

Ha salido el nuevo número de la Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/IJHE. El número contiene un monográfico en homenaje a António Almodovar (1953-2016) cuyas contribuciones a la historia del pensamiento económico y a la construcción de la Asociación Ibérica de Historia del Pensamiento Económico, además de su calidad humana, siempre tendremos presentes y recordaremos con gratitud. Echaremos de menos su carismática presencia en nuestros Encuentros Ibéricos.

Un saludo afectuoso,

Estrella Trincado y Luis Perdices

 Iberian Journal of the History of Economic Thought
ISSN-e 2386-5768© 2017. Universidad Complutense de MadridBiblioteca Complutense | Ediciones Complutense


----------------------------------------------

Vol 4, No 1 (2017) IJHET: Homenaje a António Almodovar

Tabla de contenidos

Monográfico

Carlos Bastien
9-10
Maria de Fátima Brandão
11-20
Pedro Teixeira
21-23
José Luís Cardoso
25-28
António Almodovar
29-42






Artículos

Sergio Cremaschi
43-62
Vítor Neves
63-73



Notas

De la violencia colonial a las nuevas violencias: el pensamiento de la circulación y la travesía de Achille Mbembe
Fernando López Castellano
75-78
Revisiting Ragnar Frisch on the negative marginal tax rate and the socially optimal amount of work
Romar Correa
79-84
Breve opúsculo de las obras de autores españoles que, entre 1861 y 1905, estudiaron cuestiones de naturaleza monetaria
José Ramírez Rabanal
85-94




Reseñas


Un gran ilustrado perseguido: Ramón Salas
Eloy Fernández Clemente
95-96
Como os países ricos ficaram ricos
Daniel Do Val Cosentino
97-99
La obra de un gran historiador castellano
Eloy Fernández Clemente
100-101
De la mano invisible del mercado a la mano visible de los cuidados
Consuelo Díaz Escobar, Marina Checa Olivas
102-104




domingo, 25 de dezembro de 2016

Smithnianos de todo o mundo, uni-vos, para um coloquio em Palermo (julho 2017)

Recebido via Associación Latinoamericana de Historia del Pensamiento Económico (http://www.alahpe.org/):

Date: 2016-12-21 17:20 GMT-05:00
Subject: FROM SCOTLAND TO THE SOUTH OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. THE THOUGHT OF ADAM SMITH THROUGH EUROPE AND BEYOND
International Conference History of Economics Society and University of Palermo, Sicily (Italy) 6-7 July 2017
From: Fabrizio Simon

​​FROM SCOTLAND TO THE SOUTH OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. THE THOUGHT OF ADAM SMITH THROUGH EUROPE AND BEYOND 
International Conference History of Economics Society and University of Palermo, Sicily (Italy) 
6-7 July 2017 
CALL FOR PAPERS
Adam Smith is one of those authors who have left a significant mark on the history of ideas. His influence has not only contributed to shaping the culture but also the institutions and the policy of modern society, and this can be seen in the international spread of his thought, which rapidly reached every corner of the world.
Yet, the reception of Smithian ideas was not a unique or uniform process, equal to every country, because different regional contexts conditioned them. Smith's works entered through institutional, cultural, linguistic, religious, and political filters, which were not neutral and affected the reading, understanding and use of them.
Europe and the Mediterranean are two geographical areas – but not the only – to observe the spread of Smithian thought because of the rich pluralism characterizing their regions and nations.
Bearing this in mind, the University of Palermo – supported by the History of Economics Society (HES New Initiatives Fund) – invites proposals for papers and/or sessions along the lines listed below or on other relevant matters on the topic.

The thematic directions suggested are: 
•    Adam Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment and the European Enlightenment: similarities, differences in methods and analysis, influences, intellectual disagreements;
• The intellectual link between Smith’s teaching and the development of a national style of economics in the various countries from the 18th to the 20th centuries;
•    The reception of Smithian thought in different religious frameworks: Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim and Jewish;
•    Smithian liberalism as an intellectual source of the liberal revolutionary phase that changed the political and economic face of Europe and the Mediterranean in the 19th century;
•    The works of Adam Smith: language, style, translations.

Official language: English 

The Scientific Committee: Christopher Berry (University of Glasgow) Giovanni Iamartino (University of Milan) Maria Pia Paganelli (Trinity University) Sandra Peart (University of Richmond) Fabrizio Simon (University of Palermo) Craig Smith (University of Glasgow)
The Organizing Committee: Fabrizio Simon Anna Li Donni Cristina Guccione

Scholars planning to participate should submit a 500-word abstract for a paper or a 1000-word abstract for a session, specifying: the title of their presentation and the conference theme, their full name and institutional affiliation, and an e-mail address for correspondence.
Please submit the abstract by e-mail.

Deadlines to remember:
Submission of abstracts: No later than 8 January 2017
Notification of acceptance: 28 February 2017
Registration: No later than 30 April 2017
Sending of paper: No later than 31 May 2017

For further information on the conference (venue, registration, accommodation) see the conference website at http://www.unipa.it/dipartimenti/seas/SmithConference/
Email: fabrizio.simon@unipa.it

21 December, 2016

segunda-feira, 31 de outubro de 2016

Adam Smith, na Europa e no mundo: conferencia em Palermo (6-7 julho 2017)


FROM SCOTLAND TO THE SOUTH OF THE MEDITERRANEAN.
THE THOUGHT OF ADAM SMITH THROUGH EUROPE AND BEYOND
International Conference
History of Economics Society and
University of Palermo, Sicily (Italy)
6-7 July 2017


CALL FOR PAPERS

Adam Smith is one of those authors who have left a very profound sign in the history of ideas. An influence that has contributed to model not only the culture but also the institutions and the policy of the modern society and that can be explained by observing the international spread of his thought, which reached every corner of the world in a short lapse of time.

Yet, the reception of Smithian ideas was not a unique and uniform process, equal for every country, because different regional contexts conditioned it. Smith's works made entry through institutional, cultural, linguistic, religious, and political filters which were not neutral and which affected the reading, understanding and use of them.

Europe and the Mediterranean are two geographical areas - but not the only - to observe the spread of Smithian thought because of the rich pluralism characterizing their regions and nations. With reference to this prospective, the University of Palermo – supported by the History of Economics Society (HES New Initiatives Fund) – invites proposals for papers and/or sessions along the lines listed below or on others relevant to develop this prospective of inquiry.
The thematic directions suggested are:

•Adam Smith, the Scottish Enlightenment and the European Enlightenment: similarities, differences in methods and analysis, influences, intellectual disagreements;
•The intellectual link between Smith’s teaching and the development of a national style of economics in the various countries from the 18th century to the 19th and 20th centuries;
•The reception of Smithian thoughts in different religious frameworks: Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim and Jewish;
•Smithian liberalism as an intellectual source of the liberal revolutionary phase that in the 19th century changed the political and economic face of Europe and the Mediterranean;
•The works of Adam Smith: language, style, translations.

Official language: English

The Scientific Committee:
Christopher Berry (University of Glasgow)
Maria Pia Paganelli (Trinity University)
Sandra Peart (University of Richmond)
Fabrizio Simon (University of Palermo)
Craig Smith (University of Glasgow)

The Organizing Committee:
Fabrizio Simon
Anna Li Donni
Cristina Guccione
Anna Rita Panebianco.

Scholars planning to participate should submit a 500-word abstract for a paper or a 1000-word abstract for a session, specifying in the following abstract form: the title of their presentation and the conference theme, their full name and institutional affiliation, and an e-mail address for correspondence.

Deadlines to remember:
Submission of abstracts No later than 8 January 2017
Notification of acceptance 28 February 2017
Registration No later than 30 April 2017
Sending of paper No later than 31 May 2017

For further information on the conference (venue, registration, accommodation) see the conference website at: 

sábado, 28 de maio de 2016

Adam Smith: nao apenas um "economista", um homem de ideias - volume de ensaios sobre a vida, a obra e o pensamento de Adam Smith

Resenha recém recebida de livro recém publicado. Não vou "recém" adquiri-lo, pois vai estar muito caro; vou esperar alguns dois aninhos, pelo menos, para ver se o preço cai para poucos dólares. Por isso mesmo registro aqui esta recomendação.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida

Published by EH.Net (May 2016)

Ryan Patrick Hanley, editor, Adam Smith: His Life, Thought, and Legacy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016. xxiv + 571 pp. $45 (hardcover), ISBN: 978-0-691-15405-3.

Reviewed for EH.Net by Paul Mueller, Department of Economics, The King’s College.

In this volume, Ryan Hanley (a professor of political science at Marquette University) has brought together a multitude of perspectives on Adam Smith’s life and thought. These short essays range from studying the background of Smith’s works to elaborating his views on economics, politics, ethics, religion, social vision, morality, and philosophy. There are thirty-two separate chapters, each written by a scholar well-acquainted with Smith and his works. The contributors include two Nobel Laureates: Vernon Smith and Amartya Sen. The contributions are succinct yet deliver a great deal of insight because of their narrow focus. This compendium serves as a reference book for anyone who wants to explore Smith’s contributions on a wide variety of topics.

There are five parts to this volume: “Introduction: Texts and Context,” “Smith’s Social Vision,” “Smith and Economics,” “Smith beyond Economics” and “Smith beyond the Academy.”  Although Smith is best known for his contributions to economics in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, the section “Smith and Economics” is the shortest of the five. Hanley tries to give the reader a broad survey of Smith’s ideas outside the realm of strict economics. In doing so, he builds on the trend in Smithian scholarship over the past two decades to explore Smith’s social, moral, and philosophical ideas. This, in turn, gives the reader particularly timely insight into what topics are currently being discussed and debated among experts on Adam Smith.

Although there are interesting and illuminating essays throughout the volume, I highly recommend the introductory essays because they give the reader a clear overview and introduction to each of Smith’s works as well as to his life during the Scottish Enlightenment. David Schmidtz’s essay “Adam Smith on Freedom” is also exceptionally clear and faithful to Smith’s ideas.

The primary strength of this work is the diversity of the contributions. By including dozens of authors from a variety of perspectives, Hanley has put together a deep, thoughtful, and expansive volume examining Adam Smith, his works, his ideas, and his influence on the world up to today. For an example of the ideological diversity in this volume, Vernon Smith and Amartya Sen have back-to-back chapters offering very different perspectives on what Smith thought about markets. Another example is the pairing of two chapters called “Adam Smith and the Left,” by Samuel Fleischacker, and “Adam Smith and the Right,” by James Otteson.

The brevity of these essays is another strength. Each entry runs fifteen to twenty pages. They are also quite accessible to those who are not experts on Smith’s thought or even familiar with most of his corpus.

A third major strength of this edited volume is the detailed references and bibliographic essay at the end of each chapter. The contributors have written their essays within the context of books and articles written on their particular topic. They give you their summary of the discussion while also pointing you to many other potential resources on the topic.

I can think of but two weaknesses in the volume. First, I disagree with how a few of the essays portray Smith and his thought — or rather don’t portray it. Much of this disagreement is over topics about which reasonable people can disagree. However, there are a few essays that fail to engage Smith’s works closely and carefully. In those instances, I encourage the reader to look to the secondary literature and, of course, the primary texts themselves! But these superficial treatments of Smith are few and far between — the volume is still well worth perusing!

The second weakness, which is inherent in this sort of project, is that there is no clear overarching theme tying the various essays together. Hanley has done a respectable job of grouping the essays by topic and explaining the overall purpose of the work — but several of the essays feel ad hoc or out of place.

For someone who wants a crash course in Adam Smith, by all means read this volume from cover to cover. But for most readers the best way to use this book will be choosing particular contributions based upon your personal or research interests. As I mentioned before, there is a wealth of reference material for scholars. I highly recommend this book for anyone researching and teaching Adam Smith’s ideas. There isn’t a similar reference volume that matches the breadth, variety, and insight of this one. And I also recommend it for scholars who have only a passing interest in Smith. The contents of Adam Smith: His Life, Thought, and Legacy will not fail to teach you something new and interesting about this iconic eighteenth-century Scotsman.

Paul Mueller is an assistant professor of economics at The King’s College in Manhattan. He has published articles in the Adam Smith Review, Journal of Private Enterprise, and Review of Austrian Economics. He has also written columns about Smith’s ideas for the Cato Institute. His email address is pmueller@tkc.edu.

Copyright (c) 2016 by EH.Net. All rights reserved. This work may be copied for non-profit educational uses if proper credit is given to the author and the list. For other permission, please contact the EH.Net Administrator (administrator@eh.net). Published by EH.Net (May 2016). All EH.Net reviews are archived at http://eh.net/book-reviews/