Brazil’s Agricultural Competitiveness: Recent Growth and Future Impacts Under Currency Depreciation and Changing Macroeconomic Conditions
Constanza Valdes, Kim Hjort, and Ralph Seeley
United States Department of Agriculture
Economic Research Service
Economic Research Report
Number 276 - September 2020
Economic Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Recommended citation format for this publication:
Valdes, Constanza, Kim Hjort, and Ralph Seeley. September 2020. Brazil’s Agricultural Competitiveness: Recent Growth and Future Impacts Under Currency Depreciation and
Changing Macroeconomic Conditions, ERR-276, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
Abstract
Macroeconomic reforms and policies have contributed to Brazil’s emergence as one of the world’s most competitive agricultural exporters. Brazil’s agricultural sector increased its exports in recent years, despite experiencing one of its worst recessions during 2014-16, falling international commodity prices, and slower demand growth in China and other foreign markets. To understand the forces behind this development, this report examines the effects of changing macroeconomic conditions on Brazil’s agricultural production and trade by simulating impacts of accelerated depreciation of its exchange rate and sustained macroeconomic growth. When the Brazilian currency weakens, higher prices in local currency stimulate production and exports of most major commodities. Simulations show that depreciation of Brazil’s currency results in greater world supplies, lower prices in global markets, and increased competition for U.S. exports. Finally, a simulation of stronger Brazilian economic growth shows that an increase in domestic consumption would have reduced Brazil’s exports of beef, corn, cotton, ethanol, pork, and soybean meal, easing downward pressure on world prices. However, Brazil’s soybean exports would not have been significantly affected by stronger economic growth.
Keywords: Brazil, agriculture, production, trade, recession, exchange rate, devaluation, credit, interest rates, domestic support.
See here:
