O que é este blog?

Este blog trata basicamente de ideias, se possível inteligentes, para pessoas inteligentes. Ele também se ocupa de ideias aplicadas à política, em especial à política econômica. Ele constitui uma tentativa de manter um pensamento crítico e independente sobre livros, sobre questões culturais em geral, focando numa discussão bem informada sobre temas de relações internacionais e de política externa do Brasil. Para meus livros e ensaios ver o website: www.pralmeida.org. Para a maior parte de meus textos, ver minha página na plataforma Academia.edu, link: https://itamaraty.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida.

quinta-feira, 7 de março de 2024

Ukraine Sets the Stage to Hit the Kerch Bridge - Shankar Narayan (Medium)

 Ukraine Sets the Stage to Hit the Kerch Bridge

Sails into the Kerch Strait for the first time since the start of the war.

Shankar Narayan
Medium, 6/03/2024

A Russian Patrol Ship

The situation on the battlefield in Ukraine remains highly fluid and dynamic. While this has been the case for some time, the pace of change appears to be accelerating even further.

Both sides, Russia and Ukraine are acutely aware of each other’s strengths and weaknesses. Every strategic action does evoke some form of strategic response from the other side. After the Russians slowed down their fighter jet sorties over the frontline to avoid further losses, Ukraine made a quick pivot to take the attack to the Russian Black Sea Fleet.

I believe we should reconsider how we classify Ukraine’s actions against Russian military targets. Rather than categorizing attacks on specific entities like the Russian air force, Black Sea Fleet, or ground installations separately, it might be more appropriate to encompass them under the broader term of “Russian high-value assets.”

Russia’s array of high-value assets, including critical weaponry and equipment, remains highly vulnerable. Russian forces must remain vigilant to safeguard these hard to replace units within the theater of conflict. Any perceived vulnerability will allow Ukraine to exploit it and target these assets.

What motivates the Ukrainians to take these actions? They aim to prevent the Russians from having any opportunity to catch their breath.

From Ukraine’s perspective, they do not want the Russians to have a quiet night. It helps to keep reminding them that if we do not do something today, we are going to do something tomorrow.

It is psyops.

It helps.

This aids in keeping the threat assessment from the Russian end elevated, limiting their mobility, compelling them to spend time planning, depleting their resources, and maintaining pressure on them.

Yesterday, Multiple naval drones rammed into the Russian patrol ship Sergey Kutov, one of the newest additions to the Black Sea Fleet commissioned in 2021. It is estimated to have a value of around $65 million and with a crew of over 60.

The crew had a higher likelihood of surviving the attack because the ship sank in one of the busiest and most heavily protected corridors in the Black Sea, the Kerch Strait.

Sergey Kutov was sunk near Cape Takil, not too far from the Kerch Bridge

I have no idea how Ukraine managed to sneak multiple naval drones into the Kerch Strait, evade surveillance, and collide with a patrol ship of all things. Technically, a patrol ship should be the one protecting the fleet’s naval assets from hazards like naval drones.

Take a look at how busy, well-lit, and crowded the area where the patrol ship was sunk.

How did the drones get there? Did they travel all the way from Ukrainian shores, or did Ukraine launch them from boats in the sea, or did Ukrainian partisans do it from inside Crimea? I have no idea. Neither does the Russian high command. If they had any idea, this would have never happened.

Whatever the source location of the launch, this attack would have triggered the 3 am alarm inside the Kremlin. A patrol ship, most likely on guard duty at the southern entrance of the Kerch Strait, was sunk by Ukraine’s naval drones.

You can calculate where this is headed.

As soon I saw the attack video, people were saying it was the Kerch strait. I could not believe it. I thought it could be some where near the Port of Feodosia, where Ukraine had attacked and sunk another ship in late December. As time passed, it became clear it was indeed the Kerch strait. The spot where the ship sank is less than 30 kilometers from the Kerch bridge.

My immediate response after realizing where Sergey Kutov sunk was…

Holy Shit!

Will Ukraine launch a direct attack on the Kerch Bridge?

Some day.

They are working their way towards that goal.

Ukraine is running rings around the Russians in the Black Sea.

The Kerch Bridge is Russia’s highest value asset in occupied territory. If Ukraine targets a portfolio of high-value assets, then the Kerch Bridge will be perched at the top of that list. As Ukraine continues to take down Russia’s high-value assets, such as fighter jets and ships in the Black Sea Fleet, the protective cover over the Kerch Bridge will continue to weaken. This isn’t a bridge that can be protected solely by manning its length and breadth with soldiers armed with automatic rifles.

You need air defense systems, patrol boats, radar, and communication systems. You need underwater surveillance. It’s an expensive bridge, requiring expensive protection. You can’t take it down in one day. It can be compromised by eroding its protective cover.

The fight for the Black Sea, which began in June last year, has circled all the way from Snake Island at the westernmost end of the Black Sea to reach the Kerch Strait in March 2024.

Media reports suggest that the Russian Black Sea Fleet has decreased by a quarter of its capacity, with some speculating it’s even more. I can’t confirm. What I do know is that Ukraine has been sinking one or two Russian ships every month since June last year. The Russian Black Sea Fleet has been pushed into a corner, now operating mainly in the eastern Black Sea. Most of their operations are focused in and around the Kerch Bridge.

Now, Ukraine has thrown a huge gauntlet at the Russian Navy. We are ready to strike in the Kerch Strait. Are you prepared to defend yourselves?

President Zelensky took his time to rub it in:

“Today, I would like to thank all of our warriors and units who are restoring security and Ukraine’s control over our skies and the Black Sea. Ukraine has already proven its capabilities and strength. The number of destroyed Russian aircraft, as well as our warriors’ achievements against the Russian fleet, serve as proof of this.

There are no safe harbors for Russian terrorists in the Black Sea. And there will be none. Just as there will be no safe space in the skies for them if Ukraine has sufficient strength”.

He should do this more often. The President of Russia likes to refer to nations full of people with derogatory pronouns as he sees fit. He does not have the authority to annoy others. So, whenever there is an opportunity to put him and his army in their rightful place, the Western world needs to seize it.

Words do matter, and the best approach would be to let them follow your actions rather than precede them.

There are no safe harbors for Russians in the Black Sea

It feels like the President is hinting that the Russians can expect the arrival of naval drones in the Russian port of Novorossiya. Or maybe the British Storm Shadow/French SCALP missiles.

I don’t think Ukraine will stick to just naval drones to hit the Russian Black Sea Fleet. They will mix it up with air-to-ship attacks using their long-range missiles. It offers them flexibility in targeting while making a mess out of any contingency plan the Russians come up with.

I really can’t see a way out for the Russian navy.

This isn’t just a problem for the Russian navy. It’s going to be a problem for all navies around the world. It’s just that Russia stuck its nose into someone else’s house and is now getting punched repeatedly and furiously with an innovative hand.

The Russian navy cannot innovate its way out of trouble, especially not in the middle of a war. The patrol ship did try to shoot down the drones, but it came up against a swarm moving towards it at an alarming speed from multiple directions.

This is a lopsided battle where David has more reasons to come out on top than Goliath. And David has a few more reasons to be positive about his future than Goliath does.

The Czech-led effort to procure nearly a million artillery shells for Ukraine is very close to securing the required funding, or by the time you are reading this story, the funding could have been secured. The Czech President has stated that he has identified the sources, and delivery can be made within weeks if funding is arranged. Ukraine’s ammunition-starved frontline troops may finally end their hunger.

I have saved the best one for the last.

French President Emmanuel Macron shows no signs of slowing down. France has agreed to participate in the Czech-led effort to procure shells for Ukraine. While speaking to the media in Prague yesterday, Macron laid out in a very clear manner why self-imposed redlines are a mistake:

“Who launched the war in Ukraine? Vladimir Putin. Who threatens us, whatever we do whatever we say, with nuclear weapons? President Putin. If every day we explain what our limits are in the face of someone who has none and launched this war, I can already tell you that the spirit of defeat is there lurking. Not amongst us.”

He is talking, while also backing it up with actions.

The way Western media covers the war against Ukraine has gone off-track. As a result, I have decided to make my Ukraine stories public, without placing them behind the paywall.

==================

Russian operational losses from 24.02.22 to 06.03.24 

Personnel - almost 420,270  people (+1,250);

Tanks - 6,678 (+21);

Armored combat vehicles – 12,728 (+40);

Artillery systems – 10,308 (+50);

Multiple rocket launchers (MLRS) - 1,008 (+1);

Anti-aircraft warfare systems - 701 (+1);

Vehicles and fuel tanks – 13,479 (+56);

Aircraft - 347 (0);

Helicopters – 325 (0);

UAV operational and tactical level – 7,921 (+58);

Intercepted cruise missiles - 1,918 (+1);

Boats/ships – 27 (+1).


Lilia Schwarcz é eleita para a Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) - Leonardo Rezende (CBN Cultura)

Lilia Schwarcz é eleita para a Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL)

A historiadora e antropóloga ocupará a 9º cadeira da instituição e é a 11ª mulher a ganhar título de imortal

Por 

Leonardo Rezende

Rio de Janeiro, CBN Cultura, 7/03/2024


 https://cbn.globo.com/cultura/noticia/2024/03/07/lilia-schwarcz-e-eleita-para-a-academia-brasileira-de-letras-abl.ghtml 

 

https://cbn.globo.com/cultura/noticia/2024/03/07/lilia-schwarcz-e-eleita-para-a-academia-brasileira-de-letras-abl.ghtml

A historiadora Lilia Katri Moritz Schwarcz foi eleita para a Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) com 24 votos, contra 12 a favor de Edgard Telles Ribeiro. Houve duas abstenções

 A votação contou com a presença de nomes importantes, como o jornalista Ruy Castro e o economista Edmar Bacha.

A vaga que será ocupada por Lilia Schwarcz foi aberta com o falecimento do acadêmico Alberto da Costa e Silva. Ela se torna 11ª mulher a ganhar título de imortal.

Além de Lilia e Edgard, também estavam inscritos Antônio Hélio da Silva, Chirles Oliveira Santos, J. M. Monteirás, Ney Suassuna e Martinho Ramalho de Melo.

O TRE-RJ cedeu as urnas eletrônicas para a votação, que durou cerca de 30 minutos.

O presidente da ABL e também jornalista e comentarista da CBN Merval Pereira exaltou a eleição de Lilia para a Academia e disse que ela já chega com uma missão:

"É importante que a gente mantenha a nossa tradição de ter os maiores historiadores brasileiros aqui. Nós já temos vários deles e a Lília é uma grande historiadora que já chega com uma tarefa que a gente vai dar a ela. A gente está fazendo uma iconografia do Machado de Assis e ela vai assumir esse trabalho"


Quem é Lilia Schwarcz?

Lilia Moritz Schwarcz é professora titular no Departamento de Antropologia da USP. Também foi Visiting Professor em Oxford, Leiden, Brown, Columbia e Princeton, onde foi Global e Professora Visitante desde 2010.

Lilia é autora de, entre outros livros, Retrato em branco e negro (1987. prêmio APCA), O espetáculo das raças (Companhia das Letras, 1993 e Farrar Strauss & Giroux, 1999), Racismo no Brasil (Publifolha 2001), As barbas do Imperador (1998, Prêmio Jabuti/ Livro do Ano e New York, Farrar Strauss & Giroux, 2004), A longa viagem da biblioteca dos reis (2002), O sol do Brasil (2008, Prêmio Jabuti categoria biografia 2009), Brasil: uma biografia (com Heloisa Murgel Starling; Companhia das Letras, 2015, indicado dentre os dez melhores livros prêmio Jabuti Ciências Sociais) e Lima Barreto triste visionário (São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 2017).

Ela faz parte também do Conselho Consultivo do Patrimônio Cultural (Iphan) e do Conselho de Desenvolvimento Econômico Social Sustentável da República.

 

Os dez maiores bancos do mundo, 2023

 World's largest banks, 2023.

1. 🇨🇳 ICBC

2. 🇨🇳 China Construction Bank

3. 🇨🇳 Agricultural Bank of China

R. 🇺🇸 Bank of America

6. 🇺🇸 JPMorgan Chase

7. 🇯🇵 Mitsubishi 

8. 🇬🇧 HSBC

9. 🇫🇷 BNP

10. 🇫🇷 Crédit Agricole


(S&P Global Market Intelligence)

Como lidar com o imperialismo expansionista russo-putinesco na Europa? - Sven Biscop (Egmont – Royal Institute for International Relations_

 The phrase above applies to the European (and Belgian) elections, but also to the EU and its candidate countries. If the EU is not ready to do for Georgia and Moldova what it is doing for Ukraine, if necessary, it should not have invited them in. This is the argument of my new Egmont Commentary, which I hope will be of interest.

Best wishes,

 

Sven 

 

image001.jpg

 

     Universiteit Gent - Ghent University

 

 

Prof. Dr. Sven Biscop

 

Director – Europe in the World Programme, Egmont

Professor – Ghent University 

Associate Member – Royal Academy for Overseas Sciences 

 

Egmont – Royal Institute for International Relations

Rue des Petits Carmes 15, B-1000 Brussels

+ 32 473 31 68 23

 

s.biscop@egmontinstitute.be




 

If Russia “Protects” Transnistria, Will the EU Defend Moldova? And Georgia?


https://www.egmontinstitute.be/if-russia-protects-transnistria-will-the-eu-defend-moldova-and-georgia/


If Russia “Protects” Transnistria, Will the EU Defend Moldova? And Georgia?

  

In

 

 

On 28 February 2024, the day before Putin’s annual speech in parliament, Transnistria asked Russia for protection against Moldova, the state from which the region has broken away. Fabricating a threat against a kindred people as a pretext for invasion: the playbook is well known. That is how Russia has justified its wars against Georgia and Ukraine, and how it threatens the Baltic States. But the playbook is much older: in 1938-9, the purported plight of the Sudeten Germans was Hitler’s pretext for dismembering Czechoslovakia. There are parallels – but they do not run in Russia’s favour.

 

Minsk Is Not Munich

There are differences too. Russia already is in Transnistria, with some 1500 troops that have been there since 1992. And the EU already is in Moldova, with an EU Partnership Mission (EUPM) of up to 40 security officials, launched in April 2023 to assist with building resilience against hybrid actions. The West is not abandoning anybody, therefore. Indeed, Belgium, Denmark, and the Netherlands have only just opened an embassy in Chisinau, and Greece and Spain will follow shortly.

Perhaps Putin had understood the Minsk Agreements that France and Germany mediated between Ukraine and Russia in 2014-5 as a Munich moment: the first step towards the West letting Ukraine go. But then he overlooked another accord: the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement, also signed in 2014, by which (wittingly or unwittingly) Europe committed itself to the survival of Ukraine, whatever the future might bring. Putin should have remembered that when Nazi Germany violated the Munich Agreement, Britain and France could indeed not prevent the destruction of Czechoslovakia – but they did then offer a security guarantee to Poland and went to War when Hitler invaded it. In a similar vein, Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine provoked the EU and the US into non-belligerent yet massive and indeed vital support for Kyiv. In June 2022, the EU accepted both Ukraine and Moldova as candidates for membership, cementing its commitment.

 

But the War Might Yet Expand

Putin did not actually mention Moldova in his speech. Perhaps the Transnistrian call for help is a sign of desperation more than anything else, as things have been going bad for the leadership ever since Ukraine closed the border when war started. Transnistria being where it is, Russia can difficultly reinforce or supply its troops there, and Russia has of course failed to link it up with the territory that it occupies in Ukraine. Nevertheless, if Putin felt it necessary to create a diversion, the troops currently in Transnistria could cause havoc. And already today Russia is engaged in a massive subversion campaign in Moldova. The call for protection is itself an example of that. Is the EUPM sufficient to bolster the country?

The EU also has to worry about Georgia, which in December 2023 became a candidate for membership as well. There too, Russian troops shore up breakaway regions: Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Those border on Russia, however; it is Georgia that is isolated, in a military sense. The Montreux Convention limits access via the Black Sea, and while the country does border on fellow EU candidate Turkey, the latter (though a NATO Ally) has its own special relationship with Russia. In case of renewed hostilities, how would the EU (and the US) get military support to Georgia? And in Georgia too, massive Russian influence operations are underway.

Even Armenia now appears to be hoping for some sort of security support from Europe. Armenia was gravely disappointed with Russia’s lack of support when in September 2023 Azerbaijan in a swift war took control of Nagorno-Karabakh. in February 2024, Armenia suspended its membership of the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO), its military alliance with Russia. Azerbaijan, at the same time, is a key partner of the EU’s Global Gateway. The EU need not choose sides between them; it needs a strategy for regional stability.

 

Defend Your Candidate!

Accepting a country as a candidate creates obligations towards it, and it alters the geopolitical position of the EU, almost as much as actual enlargement.

Enlargement always was a geopolitical project, but never before has it been actively contested by another great power. In the past, the EU has accepted as candidates countries that came out of war, on the Balkans, but never a country currently at war, like Ukraine, or facing a great risk of war, like Georgia and Moldova. In geopolitical terms, these were three buffer states in between the EU and Russia. Ukraine and Moldova have now become border states – they are the frontier of the West; Georgia, however, is a geopolitical outpost. The security guarantee contained in Article 42.7 of the Treaty on European Union does not yet apply, of course. But the EU can also not just stand idly by when a candidate is threatened or aggressed, in a military or a hybrid way – not without greatly damaging its credibility. And if the EU is not seen to stand up for its candidates, other powers might begin to doubt even the strength of solidarity between current Member States, to the detriment of deterrence.

By accepting new candidates, the EU has de facto altered its geopolitical situation. That must now be reflected in an updated strategy. At the very least, the EU should prepare contingency plans for non-belligerent support to Georgia and Moldova, up to the same massive scale as for Ukraine if necessary. That will require courage and resources. But if the EU is not willing to defend them, it should not have accorded candidate status to countries facing such a high risk of conflict. Geopolitics and strategy is not a game for the meek or the miserly.

 

Sven Biscop cannot help seeing historical analogies – he has just read too many books.