O que é este blog?

Este blog trata basicamente de ideias, se possível inteligentes, para pessoas inteligentes. Ele também se ocupa de ideias aplicadas à política, em especial à política econômica. Ele constitui uma tentativa de manter um pensamento crítico e independente sobre livros, sobre questões culturais em geral, focando numa discussão bem informada sobre temas de relações internacionais e de política externa do Brasil. Para meus livros e ensaios ver o website: www.pralmeida.org. Para a maior parte de meus textos, ver minha página na plataforma Academia.edu, link: https://itamaraty.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida.

terça-feira, 17 de abril de 2012

Obras PRAlmeida na biblioteca do IHEAL

Provavelmente ainda não incorporou os últimos livros que entreguei pessoalmente à bibliotecária-chefe da Bibliothèque Pierre Monbeig do Institut de Hautes Etudes l'Amérique Latine, da universidade de Paris-Sorbonne.
Mas, esta é a relação que constava do catálogo da biblioteca quando vim dar aulas aqui:


36 résultats pour Toutes les ressources Description: ext page
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2010, Vol.53, p.160-177 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2010, Vol.53, p.217-218 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2006, Vol.49, p.95-116 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2007, Vol.50, p.60-79 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2006, Vol.49, p.222-224 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2001, Vol.44, p.112-136 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 1997, Vol.40, p.76-105 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista de Sociologia e Política, 2003, p.87-102 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 2004, Vol.47, p.223-226 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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ALMEIDAPAULO ROBERTO DE
São Paulo em Perspectiva, 2002, Vol.16, p.3-16 [Peer Reviewed Journal]
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de Brasília : LGE Editora 2006
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Carvalho, Delgado de [1884-1980] ; AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de Brasilia : Senado Federal 1998
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de São Paulo : LTr 1998
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de Brasília : Ministério das Relacões Exteriores 1992
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de Paris : Ambassade du Brésil 1995
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Cardoso de Oliveira, José manoel AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de Brasília : Senado Federal 1997
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Lima, Marcos Costa AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de Arcy, François d' Sao Paulo : Cortez Editora 2001
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AlmeidaPaulo Roberto de
Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 1998, Vol.41, p.5-7 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Brazil-US relations: keep talking, meanwhile... - The Economist


Brazilian-American relations

One step at a time

Two American giants are slowly getting to know each other

Next time over a caipirinha
TOASTING their president with acaipirinha, their national cocktail, should soon be a bit cheaper for Brazilians in the United States. During Dilma Rousseff’s visit to Washington, DC, on April 9th, Barack Obama confirmed that his government will recognise cachaça, the sugarcane spirit used to make the drink, as a distinct product—no more calling it “Brazilian rum” and applying tariffs intended to shield the Caribbean kind from competition.
The two leaders also found common ground on weightier matters. Security co-operation will increase: the countries’ defence ministers will meet regularly, an unimaginable prospect only a few years ago. And Brazilians—who spend so much on visits to the United States that the US Travel Association, a lobby group, describes them as “walking stimulus packages”—can now look forward to easier travel planning. The State Department plans to increase consular staff, to speed up visa renewals, and to add another two consulates to its current four by 2014. There was even talk of eliminating visa requirements altogether, though without a timetable.
Ms Rousseff’s visit made clear that the countries’ formal relations are catching up at last with the personal ties they have long enjoyed. Still, there is a way to go. Brazil is the only country whose GDP exceeds $1 trillion that lacks a double-taxation treaty with the United States. It has not wanted to join the 11 Latin American countries with free-trade deals with the world’s biggest economy. Mr Obama has acknowledged Brazil’s aspiration to a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. But he has not endorsed it, as he did India’s in 2010.
One reason for this is that Brazil’s effort to increase its geopolitical sway is fairly recent. “Brazil is used to being overlooked by everyone,” says Matias Spektor of the Fundação Getulio Vargas, a research institute. Many of its budding diplomats, he notes, read a tome entitled “500 Years on the Periphery”. After so long, stepping into the limelight does not come naturally. Brazil’s embassy in Washington is small; few of its firms have offices in the city; and it does not recruit expatriates to lobby on its behalf as India does. Perhaps as a result, American officials seem to know less about Brazil than any other big economy, says Rubens Barbosa, a former Brazilian ambassador in Washington.
A deeper cause of the distance is that American policymakers do not yet trust Brazil fully. Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Ms Rousseff’s predecessor, vexed them by refusing to criticise Cuba’s human-rights record and undermining their efforts to impose sanctions on Iran over its nuclear programme. During the cold war, Brazil stuck to multilateralism, and could avoid hard choices. “Now Brazil wants to defend its own interests,” says Ricardo Sennes of Prospectiva, a consultancy. “That means first working out what they are.”
Mr Barbosa says Brazil takes seriously the charge that it only criticises and never proposes. The government has taken some small steps towards a more constructive approach. After abstaining in last year’s UN Security Council resolution on military intervention in Libya, Brazil is now trying to draft new safeguards for future humanitarian interventions, calling them “responsibility while protecting”. Nonetheless, the United States will probably keep its guard up until Brazil establishes a clearer record in foreign policy.

Contas publicas dos EUA: um resumo dos numeros

O post abaixo resume o essencial das contas públicas, domésticas, dos EUA, ou seja, o déficit fiscal e o aumento da dívida pública. Ainda assim, o governo brasileiro ARRECADA DEZ PONTOS MAIS DO PIB do que o governo americano, e gasta mais, também, com a desvantagem de pagar muito mais pela dívida pública (juros quatro vezes mais elevados).
Não há menção dos deficits externos, que são altos no caso dos EUA, com a vantagem de que eles se financiam em sua própria moeda, e fazem o mundo financiar parte de seus desequilíbrios.
O Brasil vai entrar em crise seja pelo acúmulo de dívida pública, seja por uma crise de balanço de pagamentos.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida 



By Bill Wilson
Daily Grind, April 17, 2012

$2.59 trillion. That's how much the Obama Administration anticipates it will collect in taxes in 2012.  Another $1.345 trillion will be collected by state and local governments, based on 2011 data by the U.S. Census Bureau.
All together, that's a whopping $3.935 trillion Americans pay in taxes on an annual basis - or about 24.9 percent of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
In fact the only thing governments do more than tax is spend and borrow. This year alone, the federal government will spend about $3.717 trillion. State and local governments, according to Census, spend about another $3 trillion top of that. $555 billion of that comes from the federal government.
All together, that adds up to about $6.1 trillion of total government expenditures (38 percent of GDP), but only $3.9 trillion of taxes.  That means we're running deficits close to $2.2 trillion - every single year. We're borrowing even more than that, because of several off-balance sheet liabilities, including certain portions of interest payments.
Therefore, governments are borrowing 36 cents and rising for every dollar they spend.
Much of that money is provided by U.S. financial institutions that purchase U.S. treasuries ($15.6 trillion) and municipal bonds ($3.7 trillion) - a market of government debt that totals $19.3 trillion (122 percent of GDP). Banks in turn get much of their money from the Federal Reserve itself, borrowing at near-zero interest rates, and then purchasing higher yielding government bonds.
So, the government has two sources of revenue: taxes, which are derived from citizens' painstaking hours of labor, and borrowing an ever increasing sum of money, which is generated in large part by a printing press.

That's our nation's finances in a nutshell.

The national debt has increased every single year since 1957 according to the U.S. Treasury. It is never paid back, only refinanced. A debt crisis, such as is being experienced in Europe, is said to be impossible in the U.S. because of our willingness to continue monetizing the debt.
So, with such a seemingly limitless capacity to borrow and print money, this raises a profound question: Do taxes matter?
Namely, if the government can just borrow all of this money, why does the government even bother itself with collecting taxes?
Indeed, why should taxpayer pay? Why not just borrow and print it all?
The answer, of course, is that banks do not in fact have an unlimited capacity to lend as is presupposed by politicians. Even with the loose standards for engaging in “lending” — what the bank cartel ironically calls the money it loans into existence — financial institutions are still required to hold certain amounts of capital.
And they can only lend so many multiples beyond that.
That is largely why the Federal Reserve has been dramatically increasing its share of the national debt. It is filling the gap that banks cannot fund. And it now holds more than $1.6 trillion of U.S. treasuries — more than 10 percent of federal debt.
It’s the neverending bailout. Because, quite frankly, there is never enough money for the government to spend through taxes. So, every year, the government and the cartel dutifully ensure that whatever cannot be taxed and borrowed privately is done with the printing press.
The scary reality is, in spite of our government acting as if taxes don’t matter, they do. Ultimately, someone will have to pay this enormous debt we are running up. It will fall on our children and grandchildren.
And as the people in Greece recently discovered, once the funding crisis hits, the bank cartel will literally move mountains to get paid. So, if you think the IRS has an attitude now, you ain’t seen nothing yet.
Bill Wilson is the President of Americans for Limited Government.

Read more at NetRightDaily.com: http://netrightdaily.com/2012/04/do-taxes-matter/#ixzz1sJv9EBHR