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Understanding Muslim Countries' Support for China's Actions in Xinjiang: A Qualitative-Comparative Analysis
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sábado, 20 de abril de 2024
terça-feira, 31 de julho de 2018
Resenha de "Novos Olhares sobre a Política Externa Brasileira" - livro org. Gustavo Westmann
Contexto Internacional
Print version ISSN 0102-8529On-line version ISSN 1982-0240
Contexto int. vol.40 no.1 Rio de Janeiro Jan./Apr. 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2017400100010
BOOK REVIEW
Novos Olhares Sobre a Política Externa Brasileira
1Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil; lperes15@gmail.com. ORCID iD 0000-0002-0261-8408.
Westmann, Gustavo. Novos Olhares Sobre a Política Externa Brasileira. 2017. São Paulo: Contexto, 272p.
The idea that foreign policy is not only a policy for the state, but for its society – foreign policy as ‘public policy’ – surfaces in every essay in Novos Olhares sobre a Política Externa Brasileira. The argument arising from it is that foreign policy should serve all citizens, rather than just political elites who run the state. To achieve that, Brazilian Foreign Policy must be more democratic, open to participation from civil society, accountable, representative. This idea is clear in Part 1 of the book, which presents essays on broad contemporary challenges faced by Brazilian Foreign Policy. Those challenges arise both from a dynamic international arena and from changing domestic politics. Part 2 consists of essays on specific substantive topics of international concern for Brazil. The argument for a plural foreign policy permeates them as well.
In times of political turmoil such as the one Brazil is currently going through, this argument for a plural foreign policy is a necessary realisation, and a powerful argument. Repression against protesters, suppression of social rights, and other acts from the government seem to counteract all previous efforts from the Foreign Affairs Ministry towards a democratic Foreign Policy. Since the early 2000s, the Ministry had sought to broaden its strategic partnerships and bilateral relations. It prioritized South-South relations, multilateralism, and reaching countries in Africa, in Asia, and in the Middle East. Social themes were paramount in the agenda. For example, states and international organisations praised and replicated the ‘Fome Zero’ program. In return, such Foreign Policy increased Brazil’s social capital around the world. It opened new markets and brought new partnerships that reflected in Brazilian society. The Brazilian economy improved to become the sixth largest in the world. Furthermore, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) removed the country from the world hunger map.
Six essays make up the first part of the book. Felipe Antunes de Oliveira opens the book discussing the concept of ‘development’ for Brazilian Foreign Policy. He points out the changes it went through from the end of the last century to the beginning of this century, when it must serve ‘social transformation’. The second essay is by Guilherme Casarões, who seeks to contextualise Brazilian Foreign Policy in a world in crisis. He warns against abandoning foreign policy projects because of their alleged ‘ideology’. In the fast pace of Brazilian politics today, Casarões’ essay, although of great analytical power, unfortunately became dated too soon. It would be interesting to see what the author would say about further developments in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Gustavo Westmann then discusses new challenges to Brazilian diplomacy. He argues for a more transparent foreign policy and for reforming Itamaraty cadres, among other changes. Those are clear opportunities for democratisation of Brazilian Foreign Policy. In his essay, Dawisson Belém Lopes highlights the elitist and oligarchical bases of Brazilian Foreign Policy through a historical and theoretical perspective. It is a fundamental work for understanding its current state, and a warning for its future. In Tiago Ribeiro dos Santos’ essay the argument for a more democratic foreign policy is less explicit. He argues for applying ‘slow thinking’ to the formation of diplomatic knowledge. One can add, though, that broad civil society participation is essential in this process. Finally, Hayle Gadelha reflects on Brazilian soft power. The logical conclusion of his essay is that to maintain such soft power would require a policy that takes into account not only the state, but also its people.
Part 2 of the book comprises eight essays dealing with relevant themes for Brazil’s Foreign Policy agenda. The first two concern specific geographic areas that must be of paramount attention for Brazil if the country seeks to have more diversified strategic partnerships. The first of them is Africa, which is the focus of Patricía Campos Mello’s attention in her essay about the ‘melancholic decline’ of Brazil’s policy of establishing closer ties to the continent. She warns against the decline of soft power gained by Brazil in Africa during Lula’s administration. The second area is Asia. In his essay, Flávio Campestrin Betarello argues for Brazil’s quick insertion in the region. Based on the adaptability of Brazilian Foreign Policy, and on the example from other states that are already celebrating deeper Asian partnerships, Brazil must aim at closer ties with China. The next six essays focus on a diversified agenda per se, to include the following themes: cooperation for development, food security, sustainable development, climate change regime, international organisations, and internet governance. What all these themes have in common is Brazil’s potential – made clear by the authors – to become a reference in each one of them. For that to happen, developments in Brazilian Foreign Policy during the beginning of the twenty-first century must not regress. Foreign policy cannot be relegated to a secondary place in public administration.
Improvements in Brazilian international projection in the last decades show the need for more diversified and plural Foreign Policy thought and practice. Novos Olhares provides that in its first and second parts, respectively. The book makes the case for a more democratic Brazilian Foreign Policy. It is fundamental for those who wish to think about its future as a public policy aiming at improving Brazilian state and society. This is indispensable in this moment in which Brazil becomes increasingly disengaged not only internationally, but with its own society as well.
REFERENCES
Westmann, Gustavo (ed). 2017. Novos Olhares Sobre a Política Externa Brasileira. São Paulo: Contexto. [ Links ]
Received: September 22, 2017; Accepted: November 29, 2017
Copyright © 2018 Institute of International Relations at PUC-Rio
sábado, 18 de julho de 2015
Contexto Internacional, journal: special issue on foreign policy and social demands in Latin America
Contexto Internacional
CALL FOR PAPERS
SPECIAL ISSUE 2016
Connecting foreign policy and social demands in Latin America
Latin America has witnessed a double movement of political and economic liberalization which, in association with the increment of international flows in the aftermath of Cold War, raised plenty of questions about the historical impermeability of foreign policy formulation to social inputs. To the extent that decisions on international affairs have triggered redistributive effects over income as well as political power, and so a variety of stakeholders’ interests were confronted at the national level, foreign policy grew more and more ‘politicized’. Claims have spread wide for foreign policy to be treated as if it actually were a public policy, that is to say, one subject to public scrutiny, bringing into practice political accountability and social responsiveness to an entirely new and diverse set of interests and demands. Within the regional ambit, the emergence of the so-called Latin American ‘Pink Tide,’ not to mention the promulgation of several new democratic constitutions, the rise of left-wing nationalisms and the consolidation of a participatory stance all over the continent, are factors that wield pressure on decision makers, in the sense that they would better leave behind a somewhat anachronistic and bureaucratically insulated model of foreign policy making to embrace new perspectives and procedures that are more akin to contemporary democracy. US contested hegemony and the resulting reconfiguration of the world order is – one would claim – the very basis on which the Global South is now articulating its political bids and concerns, a fact that will demand from diplomatic corps in the region not only greater activism and professionalism (which do vary strongly from country to country), but also more legitimacy from the domestic and international viewpoints. Those are issues which can be seen, after all, as leading the region into more democratic and socially representative foreign policies.
Contexto Internacional: journal of global connections will publish in 2016 a special issue organized by Dawisson Belém Lopes (Professor of International and Comparative Politics at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria (Professor of Social Sciences and International Relations at the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil) on the phenomenon of ‘foreign policy politicization’ in Latin America. The editors are looking for manuscripts – be it case studies, comparative or conceptual-theoretical research articles – that examine the transformations/changes in the processes and institutional frameworks of foreign policy making settings recently observed in the region in order to meet the political demands of their countries’ populations.
Contributions on topics relating to intra and intergovernmental coordination, inter-sectorial articulation, market and civil society agents, and the efforts for narrowing the gaps between societal and governmental views and positions in foreign policy making, may be of great interest and heuristic value, as we still know very little about how those processes work in South America, Central America, the Caribbean, and Mexico. Editors are interested in papers that address one or several of the following questions
What and whose interests are currently being represented by foreign policy makers in Latin America?
What are the main cleavages that take place inside domestic constituencies concerning foreign policy agendas and how do they impact foreign policy making?
What are the new roles being played by presidents and their pundits in foreign policy making which clearly contradict long-established diplomatic traditions?
How does Latin American Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) diverge from conventional FPA and other mainstream approaches?
How can we address conceptually and normatively the politicization of foreign policy making in the region in response to state-centric perspectives in FPA?
Evaluation process will proceed in three stages. Abstracts of up to 300 words can be submitted by August 15th. 2015 to contextointernacional@puc-rio.br. Full papers of pre-selected proposals are due on October 30th 2015. Approved papers will be submitted to scientific arbitration, in a double-blind process. Publication of all manuscripts is conditional to reviewers’ and editorial’s approval. Manuscripts should be original and unpublished, and should follow the general instructions available at: http://www.scielo.br/revistas/cint/iinstruc.htm.
Questions should be sent by email to contextointernacional@puc-rio.br (subject: Special Issue on Foreign Policy and Social Demands).
Important dates:
Abstract Submission: August 15th. 2015
First round acceptance by August 31st.2015
Paper submission: October 30th.2015
Second round acceptance (evaluation by editorial committee) by November 30th. 2015
Peer review process: up to 120 days
CALL FOR PAPERS
SPECIAL ISSUE 2016
Connecting foreign policy and social demands in Latin America
Latin America has witnessed a double movement of political and economic liberalization which, in association with the increment of international flows in the aftermath of Cold War, raised plenty of questions about the historical impermeability of foreign policy formulation to social inputs. To the extent that decisions on international affairs have triggered redistributive effects over income as well as political power, and so a variety of stakeholders’ interests were confronted at the national level, foreign policy grew more and more ‘politicized’. Claims have spread wide for foreign policy to be treated as if it actually were a public policy, that is to say, one subject to public scrutiny, bringing into practice political accountability and social responsiveness to an entirely new and diverse set of interests and demands. Within the regional ambit, the emergence of the so-called Latin American ‘Pink Tide,’ not to mention the promulgation of several new democratic constitutions, the rise of left-wing nationalisms and the consolidation of a participatory stance all over the continent, are factors that wield pressure on decision makers, in the sense that they would better leave behind a somewhat anachronistic and bureaucratically insulated model of foreign policy making to embrace new perspectives and procedures that are more akin to contemporary democracy. US contested hegemony and the resulting reconfiguration of the world order is – one would claim – the very basis on which the Global South is now articulating its political bids and concerns, a fact that will demand from diplomatic corps in the region not only greater activism and professionalism (which do vary strongly from country to country), but also more legitimacy from the domestic and international viewpoints. Those are issues which can be seen, after all, as leading the region into more democratic and socially representative foreign policies.
Contexto Internacional: journal of global connections will publish in 2016 a special issue organized by Dawisson Belém Lopes (Professor of International and Comparative Politics at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and Carlos Aurélio Pimenta de Faria (Professor of Social Sciences and International Relations at the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil) on the phenomenon of ‘foreign policy politicization’ in Latin America. The editors are looking for manuscripts – be it case studies, comparative or conceptual-theoretical research articles – that examine the transformations/changes in the processes and institutional frameworks of foreign policy making settings recently observed in the region in order to meet the political demands of their countries’ populations.
Contributions on topics relating to intra and intergovernmental coordination, inter-sectorial articulation, market and civil society agents, and the efforts for narrowing the gaps between societal and governmental views and positions in foreign policy making, may be of great interest and heuristic value, as we still know very little about how those processes work in South America, Central America, the Caribbean, and Mexico. Editors are interested in papers that address one or several of the following questions
What and whose interests are currently being represented by foreign policy makers in Latin America?
What are the main cleavages that take place inside domestic constituencies concerning foreign policy agendas and how do they impact foreign policy making?
What are the new roles being played by presidents and their pundits in foreign policy making which clearly contradict long-established diplomatic traditions?
How does Latin American Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) diverge from conventional FPA and other mainstream approaches?
How can we address conceptually and normatively the politicization of foreign policy making in the region in response to state-centric perspectives in FPA?
Evaluation process will proceed in three stages. Abstracts of up to 300 words can be submitted by August 15th. 2015 to contextointernacional@puc-rio.br. Full papers of pre-selected proposals are due on October 30th 2015. Approved papers will be submitted to scientific arbitration, in a double-blind process. Publication of all manuscripts is conditional to reviewers’ and editorial’s approval. Manuscripts should be original and unpublished, and should follow the general instructions available at: http://www.scielo.br/revistas/cint/iinstruc.htm.
Questions should be sent by email to contextointernacional@puc-rio.br (subject: Special Issue on Foreign Policy and Social Demands).
Important dates:
Abstract Submission: August 15th. 2015
First round acceptance by August 31st.2015
Paper submission: October 30th.2015
Second round acceptance (evaluation by editorial committee) by November 30th. 2015
Peer review process: up to 120 days
quinta-feira, 26 de março de 2015
Contexto Internacional: Call for Proposals – Special Issues 2016
Contexto Internacional: journal of global connections
Call for Proposals – Special Issues 2016
The Editors of Contexto Internacional: journal of global connections invite proposals for Special Issues for the year 2016. Editors welcome proposals that promote and encourage the development of International Relations (IR), with a particular scope in the dynamics and challenges experienced within and around the Global South. Submissions that contribute to an understanding of the plurality of perspectives present in the field of IR and that advance our understanding of the connections between situated knowledges and global affairs are therefore preferred. Up to two special issues will be published in 2016.
Contexto Internacional is one of the leading journals in international relations within Brazil. Submissions in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish are accepted. Contexto is published in English three times a year.
Proposals will be reviewed in the language of submission. If the review process results in a decision to publish, it is the responsibility of the author alone to translate the article into English. All contributions are submitted to double blind peer review and are rigorously evaluated by experts.
Normally, a special issue includes 5-7 research articles speaking to a common theme / set of questions. The articles are selected through an open call for contributions. The articles should follow the standard guidelines for submissions and will be subjected to the same blind peer review process as normal articles. In collaboration with the Contexto editorial team, the Guest Editor(s) will formulate the call for papers and select the articles to be peer reviewed, oversee the review process, and be involved in finalizing the editorial. The total length of the proposal should not exceed 4000 words.
Proposal for special issues must include: 1. Title of Special Issue, 2.Name, affiliation, contact details, and short bio of Guest Editor(s),3. Brief statement about the issue theme, 4. A rationale justifying the proposal, 5. Titles, abstracts, and five keywords of any article the Guest Editor would like to include and 6. Names, affiliation, and contact details of each contributor.
Proposals for special issues are to be submitted by May 15, 2015.
Acceptance decisions will be announced in June 2015.
Proposals and correspondence should be directed to Carolina Moulin,
Editor: contextointernacional@puc-rio.br
For more information about Contexto Internacional, consult the journal’s webpage: http://contextointernacional.iri.puc-rio.br
Individual research articles as well as review essays can be submitted on a continuous basis. See our instructions for authors at: http://contextointernacional.iri.puc-rio.br
Carolina Moulin, IRI/PUC-Rio (Editor)
Alina Sajed, McMaster University (Associate Editor)
Anna Leander, Copenhagen Business School and IRI/PUC-Rio (Associate Editor)
Roberto Yamato, IRI/PUC-Rio (Associate Editor)
Call for Proposals – Special Issues 2016
The Editors of Contexto Internacional: journal of global connections invite proposals for Special Issues for the year 2016. Editors welcome proposals that promote and encourage the development of International Relations (IR), with a particular scope in the dynamics and challenges experienced within and around the Global South. Submissions that contribute to an understanding of the plurality of perspectives present in the field of IR and that advance our understanding of the connections between situated knowledges and global affairs are therefore preferred. Up to two special issues will be published in 2016.
Contexto Internacional is one of the leading journals in international relations within Brazil. Submissions in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish are accepted. Contexto is published in English three times a year.
Proposals will be reviewed in the language of submission. If the review process results in a decision to publish, it is the responsibility of the author alone to translate the article into English. All contributions are submitted to double blind peer review and are rigorously evaluated by experts.
Normally, a special issue includes 5-7 research articles speaking to a common theme / set of questions. The articles are selected through an open call for contributions. The articles should follow the standard guidelines for submissions and will be subjected to the same blind peer review process as normal articles. In collaboration with the Contexto editorial team, the Guest Editor(s) will formulate the call for papers and select the articles to be peer reviewed, oversee the review process, and be involved in finalizing the editorial. The total length of the proposal should not exceed 4000 words.
Proposal for special issues must include: 1. Title of Special Issue, 2.Name, affiliation, contact details, and short bio of Guest Editor(s),3. Brief statement about the issue theme, 4. A rationale justifying the proposal, 5. Titles, abstracts, and five keywords of any article the Guest Editor would like to include and 6. Names, affiliation, and contact details of each contributor.
Proposals for special issues are to be submitted by May 15, 2015.
Acceptance decisions will be announced in June 2015.
Proposals and correspondence should be directed to Carolina Moulin,
Editor: contextointernacional@puc-rio.br
For more information about Contexto Internacional, consult the journal’s webpage: http://contextointernacional.iri.puc-rio.br
Individual research articles as well as review essays can be submitted on a continuous basis. See our instructions for authors at: http://contextointernacional.iri.puc-rio.br
Carolina Moulin, IRI/PUC-Rio (Editor)
Alina Sajed, McMaster University (Associate Editor)
Anna Leander, Copenhagen Business School and IRI/PUC-Rio (Associate Editor)
Roberto Yamato, IRI/PUC-Rio (Associate Editor)
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