Temas de relações internacionais, de política externa e de diplomacia brasileira, com ênfase em políticas econômicas, em viagens, livros e cultura em geral. Um quilombo de resistência intelectual em defesa da racionalidade, da inteligência e das liberdades democráticas.
O que é este blog?
Este blog trata basicamente de ideias, se possível inteligentes, para pessoas inteligentes. Ele também se ocupa de ideias aplicadas à política, em especial à política econômica. Ele constitui uma tentativa de manter um pensamento crítico e independente sobre livros, sobre questões culturais em geral, focando numa discussão bem informada sobre temas de relações internacionais e de política externa do Brasil. Para meus livros e ensaios ver o website: www.pralmeida.org. Para a maior parte de meus textos, ver minha página na plataforma Academia.edu, link: https://itamaraty.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida.
segunda-feira, 20 de fevereiro de 2012
Barao: os dois carnavais de 1912
domingo, 19 de fevereiro de 2012
Autobiografia (ainda nao terminada) de Bachar Al-Assad - Tahar Ben Jelloun
Bachar Al-Assad, intime
C'est par effraction que je suis entré dans la tête du président syrien. C'est une forteresse inaccessible. Avant d'arriver à s'en approcher, il faut passer pas moins de sept barrages. Haute sécurité. Peur et méfiance. Comme son père, Hafez, il se tient à distance. On raconte qu'un jour Hafez Al-Assad a fait fusiller les sept soldats qui devaient filtrer le passage des personnes qui avaient rendez-vous avec lui. Hafez aimait jouer aux échecs avec un ami d'enfance. Chaque après-midi, l'ami se présentait et se faisait fouiller sept fois avant d'arriver à la salle de jeu. Un jour, à force de le voir, les soldats le laissèrent passer sans faire leur travail.
Os mongois estao chegando (nao exagerando, claro...)
Never mind... (and do not dare to compare...)
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Farms give way to shopping malls as the interior urbanizes
THE Chinese government is building new cities in the country's underdeveloped interior, hoping to convert millions of farmers into city dwellers and maintain China's burgeoning economic success in the following decades.
Along the mud-clogged Yellow River, a local government has widened crooked country lanes into highways, turned farmlands into housing estates and invited Nike and adidas to open stores in a nearby shopping mall.
In Changyuan, a county with 840,000 inhabitants in central China's Henan Province, ambitious officials, keen business people and restless farmers are working together to urbanize the sleepy rural region.
From the balcony of his daughter's new apartment, a cluster of newly finished buildings unfolds in front of 65-year-old Wen Xianhua. Those were patches of wheat when he last visited.
It's been six years since Wen last visited the county seat, during which time dozens of villages have been turned into urban areas.
A report released in January by the National Bureau of Statistics said 51.27 percent of China's population was located in urban areas at the end of 2011, meaning that over the past three decades, more than 500 million people have been added to China's cities, especially large ones in prosperous coastal areas.
According to the estimation of business counselor McKinsey, there will be one billion people living in China's cities by 2030. This means more than 300 million new urban residents - almost as big as the current population of the United States.
However, a blue book on international urban development published last Thursday warns that the fast growing population has overwhelmed the inadequate infrastructure of China's big cities. The blue book published by China's top think tank, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, says problems like traffic jams and pollution might become even worse in the coming years.
Smaller cities
Zhuang Jian, a senior economist from the Asian Development Bank, said the next phase of China's urbanization will focus on medium- and small-sized cities, with less attention paid to the country's metropolitan areas. The government is working to urbanize rural areas, generating demand for road construction, telecommunications services and other infrastructures essential to cities.
Wen Xianhua's eldest daughter, Wen Yuling, moved to Changyuan's county seat over the winter. Despite having lived in the countryside for the last 35 years, Wen Yuling has her apartment decorated much as a typical urban resident would, with hardwood floors, a glass coffee table and new air conditioners.
Supplying elevators, washing machines and supermarkets for new communities will create a new market, with large numbers of migrants expected to move to newly urbanized regions.
Affordable homes
Wen Yuling's brother, Wen Qiang, is also planning to follow suit. With an annual income of 80,000 yuan (about US$12,700), he has been looking for an affordable apartment and has visited four housing estates during the Spring Festival holiday at the end of January. "My eldest son will get married within the next few years. Many young women would like to find a husband who has an apartment in the city," he said.
Like most migrant workers in China, Wen Qiang works thousands of miles from his hometown, earning 10 times more than he would on the farm. But the high costs of city life, as well as problems with China's household registry system, have prevented his family from joining him in the city. His wife stays on the farm and takes care of their two sons. But they don't want their sons to stay in the village for the rest of their life.
"People used to build big houses in the village when they earned enough money working outside," Wen Qiang said, "but things are different now. Villagers from my generation want to buy apartments in cities. There are better schools, bigger hospitals and shopping malls. It's more convenient."
According to Wang Yantao, deputy director of Changyuan's publicity department, one fourth of Changyuan's 840,000 residents work outside the county, while local private companies and factories have attracted 165,000 surplus agricultural laborers. The local government wants to encourage them to move to the county's urban areas.
Entrepreneurs see limitless opportunities in this process. Encouraged by the local government, keen business people have brought city life to local farmers, constructing high-rise buildings with heating systems, shopping malls, theaters, advanced hospitals and schools that provide kindergarten to high school education.
"These are the reasons I've moved here," said Zhang Shengchang, a 29-year-old resident of Changyuan's county seat.
Having lived there for six years, Zhang drives out of town to work in the countryside, while his wife stays home to take care of their two children who attend a public primary school.
More consumption
"There are 2,000 families in my community. More than half of them came from villages," Zhang said, adding that all his three sisters have moved to the county seat over the last three years.
Every year, about 4,000 rural residents move to the county seat, while another 6,000 move to another 10 towns of the county. These newly urbanized families tend to spend more money in their city homes than they do in the village.
In 2011, retail sales of consumer goods in Changyuan reached 3.85 billion yuan, up 18.7 percent year-on-year. Zhuang Jian said urban residents tend to consume three times as much as rural residents, a fact that will lead to great expansion in domestic demand.
The authors are Xinhua writers.
Ah, essa industria universitaria... (sino-americana, informe-se...)
Chinese Embassy probe into US degrees scandal
THE Chinese Embassy in the United States has sent an investigation team to an American university revealed as a diploma mill for foreign students, most of whom were Chinese, officials said yesterday.
The move came after claims that hundreds of students, mostly from China, at Dickinson State University in North Dakota were given degrees they hadn't earned.
The investigation follows the resignation of the university president and the suicide of its dean of education, business and applied sciences.
Douglas LaPlante, 59, was found dead in a park near the campus of a self-inflicted gunshot wound on Friday afternoon, police said.
An audit by North Dakota education authorities made public last Friday revealed that lax record keeping and oversight resulted in hundreds of degrees being awarded to students who hadn't finished their course work.
Others were enrolled who couldn't speak English or hadn't achieved the standard normally required for admission.
Of 410 foreign students who had received four-year degrees since 2003 - most of them in the past four years - 400 didn't fulfill all the graduation requirements, the audit report said. About 95 percent of the students in the degree program were Chinese, it said. The rest were Russian.
"The embassy will fight for the welfare of Chinese students," an official with the embassy told Xinhua news agency yesterday.
D.C. Coston, the university's new president, told a press conference: "We will be telling (the affected students) that their records do not indicate they sufficiently completed the requirements, while the university stands ready to work with them individually to figure out what might be necessary for them to reach a point of completion."
North Dakota education officials have decided to send some 21 of 27 newly enrolled Chinese students at the university back to China as they "could not speak English at the required competency level."
Dickinson State's program typically required students to begin coursework at universities in their home countries, spend a year studying in North Dakota and then return to their home schools to finish their degrees.
In determining foreign students' fluency in English, the university ignored two English proficiency tests considered good measures in favor of one that was not.
Many students did not have required documents such as English proficiency tests and bank statements, and some apparently fabricated course transcripts and Chinese university stamps that university officials accepted.
Founded as a teachers' training college, Dickinson State is in rural southwestern North Dakota's oil-producing region.
In the past five years, the school's autumn enrolment has dropped from 2,670 students to under 2,300. Some of the shortfall was filled by students from China, which has been the leading exporter of college students to the United States.
During the 2010-11 academic year, about 157,600 Chinese students were studying in the US, an increase of almost 24 percent from the previous year. The number of Chinese students in the US has risen by at least 19.8 percent in each of the past four years.
Manual de Economia 010: Professor H. Chavez
No caso de Chávez, que é um verdadeiro professor de economia, só que ao contrário, deveria ser, presumivelmente, Economics 010.
Pelo menos é o que entendo da confusão que ele está fazendo na economia de seu país.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida