Dear Colleague,
National oil companies (NOCs) are economic giants. They control at least $3 trillion in assets and produce most of the world’s oil and gas. They dominate energy production in some of the world’s most oil-rich countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela, and they play a central role in the oil and gas sector in many emerging producers.
But there's one problem.
These companies are poorly understood because of their uneven and often opaque financial reporting practices. And because they are so large, shortcomings in their reporting pose several economic risks.
It's time to peel back the curtain on Really Big Oil.
In our latest issue of F&D, David Manley, David Mihalyi, and Patrick Heller of the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI) pen a very thoughtful and researched look at exactly this challenge and how best to foster (and perhaps mandate) openness.
NRGI's new report and accompanying database focuses on the failure to rigorously scrutinize NOCs and the policies their governments employ to manage them, and how this failure carries major risks for dozens of economies around the world that depend on these companies’ sound management of public resources.
On average, the authors found that NOCs in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa disclosed the least amount of information. These findings reinforce the results of the institute’s Resource Governance Index, which revealed that 62 percent of the NOCs reviewed exhibited “weak,” “poor,” or “failing” performance in regard to public transparency.
That's not so bad, is it?
Well, some national oil companies carry huge debts that burden their national economies. Some have debts in amounts higher than 10 percent of their countries’ GDP. Venezuela’s troubled state oil company PDVSA has debt exceeding 20 percent of GDP. Many NOCs have required multibillion-dollar government bailouts in recent years, becoming a costly drain on public finances.
At the peak of the oil price boom in 2013, there were at least 25 “NOC-dependent” countries—those where the NOC collects funds equivalent to 20 percent or more of government revenues (Chart 1). In most cases only a fraction of these resource revenues are then transferred to the governments, with the NOCs spending and investing the rest themselves. The median NOC in this sample transferred only 17 percent of its gross revenues to the state in 2015.
The key here is that the fiscal health of many countries and their governments’ ability to use oil revenues for development depend heavily on how well the NOC is run, how much revenue it transfers to the state, and the quality of its spending. State-owned enterprises can weigh a country down or help propel growth, and in these countries, subpar governance of national resources perpetuates poverty and inequality.
You're right. This is a real problem. So how do we solve it?
To start, NOCs and their governments should ensure that company strategies outline a sustainable vision for their futures. Such a vision can facilitate clear and effective rules on how much these companies are allowed to spend and borrow, and how much they must transfer to the government treasury.
To ensure that these rules are followed, citizens and governments need better reporting from NOCs. Separating public relations from reality in company pronouncements about investments in renewables or boosting commercial efficiency requires consistent reporting on spending, production costs, and revenues.
Like private oil companies, NOCs should also start assessing and disclosing how prepared they are for the coming energy transition. This should include an analysis of climate-related risks, and progress made in diversifying and mitigating those risks.
Finally, in many countries, NOCs are not held sufficiently accountable, either because they don’t disclose enough information, or because formal oversight by government or informal oversight by civil society and the media is inconsistent. Under-scrutinized companies might perform poorly or become vessels for corruption. Increased transparency is a critical lever for holding company leadership accountable and encouraging strong returns on public investment.
Drill deeper and read the full 1600-word article, which contains the latest data, charts and examples from around the world and how best to move forward. This piece is also available in pусский, español, français, 中文, and عربي.
See you next week,
| |||
P.S. I wanted to flag that in our June 2018 issue of F&D, Harvard's David Bloom et al wrote a very detailed and insightful piece on the economics of epidemics.
_____
Make a colleague's day: forward this emailWas this newsletter shared with you? Sign up for future updates
Update your profile for tailored content (new) Unsubscribe from F&D here |
Temas de relações internacionais, de política externa e de diplomacia brasileira, com ênfase em políticas econômicas, em viagens, livros e cultura em geral. Um quilombo de resistência intelectual em defesa da racionalidade, da inteligência e das liberdades democráticas.
O que é este blog?
Este blog trata basicamente de ideias, se possível inteligentes, para pessoas inteligentes. Ele também se ocupa de ideias aplicadas à política, em especial à política econômica. Ele constitui uma tentativa de manter um pensamento crítico e independente sobre livros, sobre questões culturais em geral, focando numa discussão bem informada sobre temas de relações internacionais e de política externa do Brasil. Para meus livros e ensaios ver o website: www.pralmeida.org. Para a maior parte de meus textos, ver minha página na plataforma Academia.edu, link: https://itamaraty.academia.edu/PauloRobertodeAlmeida.
terça-feira, 4 de fevereiro de 2020
Oil industry and its consequences -IMF review Finance and Development
McCloskey’s Brief Against Antiliberalism - James R. Rogers (Law & Liberty)
McCloskey’s Brief Against Antiliberalism
Oskar Lange, a socialist economist and communist functionary of note, declared that for Mises’s role in making the point clear, “a statue of Professor Mises ought to occupy an honorable place in the great hall of the Ministry of Socialization or of the Central Planning Board of the socialist state.”
Deneen swallows whole Karl Polanyi’s “classic study” of economic history The Great Transformation (1944). Polanyi’s claim . . . is that the evil “liberal” market is a Western novelty of the nineteenth century. That way we can set aside modern liberalism as a lamentable aberration and get back to God or community and be truly happy. Though conservatives and socialists believe the tale and accept its moral, historians have since the 1950s shown over and over that it is entirely, even embarrassingly, wrong. Markets of supply and demand have existed since the caves . . .
segunda-feira, 3 de fevereiro de 2020
Brazil’s biggest economic risk is complacency - Otaviano Canuto (Brookings)
Brazil’s biggest economic risk is complacency
domingo, 2 de fevereiro de 2020
O assalto à nação pelo mandarinato estatal - Ricardo Bergamini
sábado, 1 de fevereiro de 2020
O espectro do globalismo: a emergência da irracionalidade oficial - Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Acordo EUA-China: discriminatório e ilegal - Marcos Jank
Brexit: minha mini-reflexão - Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Ingleses comemorando o Brexit?
Ele ainda não está de todo consumado, pois cabe ainda regular dezenas de milhares de regras que presidem às múltiplas interações criadas em 47 anos. Não vai ser fácil.
Na realidade, dentro da UE, o Reino Unido podia, e não só teoricamente, influenciar as políticas desse mastodonte supranacional.
Agora pode ser que nem mais exista algo “unido” e o que sobrar desse processo traumático para as quatro partes que integram o RU terá de negociar duramente para preservar metade de sua efetiva interface externa, que ocorre na UE. As consequências econômicas podem ser decepcionantes.
De toda forma, desejo boa sorte aos ingleses, muito realismo aos escoceses, sorte aos irlandeses do norte, e um pouco de ânimo a todos: eles já passaram por quase 4 anos de virtual paralisia dos negócios públicos, por causa da imensa bobagem do plebiscito — que não representou a “vontade do povo”, e sim a capacidade de mobilização da minoria de brexiters, ante a indiferença da maioria —, e ainda vão gastar mais alguns anos, a serem literalmente desperdiçados em novas e desgastantes negociações burocráticas.
E tudo isso para o quê, exatamente?
Para dizer que estão livres da “catedral gótica” comunitária de Bruxelas?
Podem acabar numa modesta town house puramente inglesa, sem todas as comodidades do imenso espaço econômica e social unificado da UE.
Por mais que a UE fosse um paquiderme institucional, creio que a retirada vai deixar a GB, ou talvez a Inglaterra, bastante diminuída no mundo.
Sinceramente, não creio que tenha sido uma boa escolha.
Brasília, 1/02/2020