Asia Pacific
Trump Pitches ‘America First’ Trade Policy at Asia-Pacific Gathering
DANANG,
Vietnam — President Trump on Friday vowed to protect American interests
against foreign exploitation, preaching a starkly unilateralist
approach to a group of leaders who once pinned their economic hopes on a
regional trade pact led by the United States.
“We
are not going to let the United States be taken advantage of anymore,”
Mr. Trump told business leaders at the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
forum in Danang, Vietnam. “I am always going to put America first, the
same way that I expect all of you in this room to put your countries
first.”
But
taking the stage at the same meeting immediately after Mr. Trump,
President Xi Jinping of China delivered a sharply contrasting message,
championing more robust engagement with the world. Mr. Xi used his own
speech to make a spirited defense of globalization, saying relations
among countries should be “more open, more inclusive, more balanced,
more equitable and more beneficial to all.”
Mr. Trump’s remarks were strikingly hostile for an audience that included leaders who had supported the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a sweeping 12-nation accord that was to be led by the United States, from which Mr. Trump withdrew immediately after taking office.
And
it indicated the degree to which, under Mr. Trump, the United States —
once a dominant voice guiding discussions about trade at gatherings such
as APEC — has ceded that role. Even as he was railing against
multilateral approaches, the remaining 11 countries in the Trans-Pacific
Partnership were negotiating intensively to seal the agreement —
without the United States. Under the terms being discussed, the United
States could re-enter the pact in the future.
Even
without the United States, the Trans-Pacific Partnership would be the
largest trade agreement in history. Under the partnership, members would
enjoy tariff-free trade with each other, with companies in the member
countries having faster and better access to other markets than their
American rivals.
Promising
to pursue “mutually beneficial commerce” through bilateral trade
agreements, Mr. Trump roundly condemned the kind of multilateral accords
his predecessors had pursued. His talk echoed his statements in China
earlier this week that blamed weak American leadership for trade
imbalances that he said had stripped jobs, factories and entire
industries from the United States.
“What
we will no longer do is enter into large agreements that tie our hands,
surrender our sovereignty and make meaningful enforcement practically
impossible,” Mr. Trump said.
He
also spoke witheringly about an approach he said had led the United
States to lower its own trade barriers, only to have other countries
refuse to do so, and he accused the World Trade Organization of treating
the United States unfairly.
Many
of the president’s toughest lines — his vow to fight the “audacious
theft” of intellectual property from American companies and the forced
transfer of technology to foreign firms — were aimed at China.
But Mr. Trump avoided criticizing Mr. Xi personally. And he repeated his contention that he did not blame China, or any other country, for taking advantage of what he called weak American trade laws.
“If
their representatives are able to get away with it, they are just doing
their jobs,” the president said. “I wish previous administrations in my
country saw what was happening and did something about it. They did
not, but I will.”
White
House officials had framed Mr. Trump’s speech as a chance to articulate
the idea of a “free and open Indo-Pacific” region, which the Trump
administration has adopted as its answer to former President Barack
Obama’s pivot to Asia. First proposed by the Japanese, it envisions the
United States strengthening ties with three other democracies in the
region — Australia, India and Japan — in part to counter a rising China.
But the president offered few details about that approach.
He spoke of the need for freedom of navigation — a reference to the South China Sea,
which Vietnam, Malaysia and other countries complain Beijing is turning
into a private waterway. But the president stopped short of calling out
China by name.
He
also did not fault China or his host, Vietnam, for their checkered
human rights records, even as he offered a general endorsement of the
rule of law and individual rights.
As in his speech to the United Nations
in September, Mr. Trump emphasized the idea of sovereignty, a concept
that is often seen as being at odds with global cooperation and that is
sometimes used by countries to fend off interference by outside powers.
He
closed the speech with an inward-looking paean to the virtues of home,
declaring, “In all of the world, there is no place like home,” adding
that nations should “protect your home, defend your home, and love your
home today and for all time.”
Mr.
Xi, in contrast, argued for pursuing the kinds of global initiatives
that Mr. Trump had shunned. The Chinese leader praised the Paris climate
accord, called globalization an “irreversible historical trend” and
said China would continue to pursue a free trade area in the
Asia-Pacific region.
American
and Russian officials had been working to arrange a meeting between
President Vladimir V. Putin and Mr. Trump on the sidelines of the
meeting, in part to ask for Moscow’s assistance in countering the threat
from North Korea. But as Mr. Trump arrived in Danang, the White House announced that he would not hold formal talks with Mr. Putin.
Officials
cited scheduling issues as the reason the two leaders would not meet.
But on Thursday, Rex W. Tillerson, the secretary of state, had said that
a conversation between Mr. Trump and Mr. Putin was “still under
consideration,” and that a final decision would hinge on whether there
was “sufficient substance” to warrant face-to-face talks.
Mr. Trump’s last encounter with Mr. Putin
— on the sidelines of the Group of 20 summit meeting in Hamburg,
Germany — posed political challenges for the White House, which faced
questions about whether and how sharply Mr. Trump would rebuke his
Russian counterpart for meddling in the 2016 elections.
Mr.
Trump was later criticized for not having pressed Mr. Putin more
strongly in an hourslong meeting on the election interference, and for
revelations that the two had a second, undisclosed discussion at a
leaders’ dinner that night. Diplomats described being stunned to see the
two presidents chatting intimately with only a Kremlin interpreter
present.
The
optics of a meeting this week would have been particularly tricky,
given new revelations about the Trump campaign’s contacts with Russians,
brought to light by the investigations into Moscow’s efforts to sway
the American election in Mr. Trump’s favor.
The
two presidents did end up shaking hands and exchanging greetings before
posing for a photograph at the APEC gala dinner Friday evening.
Still,
the change in plans appeared to have left the Kremlin exasperated.
Asked about the absence of a meeting, Sergey V. Lavrov, the Russian
foreign minister, told a Russian TV reporter: “Ask the Americans. We are
not speaking on this matter at all.”
Mr.
Lavrov noted that Mr. Trump himself had said last week that he would
most likely meet with Mr. Putin during his trip to Asia. But, Mr. Lavrov
added, “I don’t know what his bureaucrats are saying.”
