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Mostrando postagens com marcador Coreia do Norte. Mostrar todas as postagens
Mostrando postagens com marcador Coreia do Norte. Mostrar todas as postagens

sábado, 22 de fevereiro de 2014

Nunca antes no mundo, seres tao despreziveis...

... infligiram tantos sofrimentos a tanta gente. Nunca antes neste país, seres tão desprezíveis mostraram tanta conivência com atos tão bárbaros. Aliás são coniventes com muitas outras coisas, como o fascismo assassino, ali ao lado. Seres despreziveis são assim...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida 

Um desertor norte-coreano: “Delatei minha mãe por uma ração de arroz”

A ONU documenta crimes contra a humanidade na Coreia do Norte

Nesse país de 25 milhões de habitantes, existem cerca de 100 mil presos em campos de concentração

A Coreia do Norte, esse país mega-hermético que exerce uma estranha fascinação por sua estética de história em quadrinho e as extravagâncias de seus líderes, é cenário de crimes contra a humanidade que foram documentados por uma comissão de investigação das Nações Unidas que escutou 80 testemunhas, entre prisioneiros de 80 antigos campos de prisioneiros políticos, desertores e especialistas. Os investigadores apresentaram suas conclusões nessa segunda-feira em Genebra (Suiça). Essas incluem a história de Shin Dong-hyuk, de 30 anos, que contou sua vida aos enviados da ONU no dia 30 de agosto passado, numa audiência pública em Seul (Coreia do Sul): nasceu em um campo de prisioneiros políticos concebido por um casal que foi obrigado a se unir, a primeira coisa de sua infância de que se lembra foi uma execução, tinha 13 anos quando delatou sua mãe depois de ouvi-la sussurrar um plano de fuga e 14 quando teve que assistir ao seu enforcamento público e ver também como fuzilavam seu irmão mais velho. Aos 22, conseguiu escapar do denominado campo 14, um gulag de 125 quilômetros quadrados que fica a 65 quilômetros da capital, Pyongyang. Nesse país de 25 milhões de habitantes, existem cerca de 100.000 internos em campos de concentração.
“Eu informei o guarda sobre os seus planos (de fugir) porque eram as normas. Estava realmente orgulhoso de mim mesmo. Pedi ao meu supervisor para me recompensar, para me dar uma ração completa de arroz para encher o estômago”, relatou Shin naquela tarde em Seul. Até os 22 anos mal sobreviveu, oprimido sempre por uma fome atroz, resultado da ração diária: 400 gramas de mingau de milho. Tanta fome que, se o guarda de plantão o autorizava, comia ratos vivos.
A novidade desses relatos não é tanto seu conteúdo – Shin, testemunha número um da ONU, publicou sua autobiografia Fuga do Campo 14 (Ed. Intrínseca) em 2012 como fizeram outras dezenas de fugitivos –, mas sim o fato de contarem com o aval do organismo multilateral. As 372 páginas do relatório são um detalhado catálogo de um sistema repressivo que utiliza sistematicamente a tortura, a falta de comida, os assassinatos, os sequestros e os desaparecimentos para manter o povo controlado.
“A gravidade, a escala e a natureza das violações dos direitos humanos (documentadas) não têm paralelo no mundo contemporâneo”, dizem os investigadores. A Coreia do Norte, que não lhes permitiu entrar no país, rejeitou “drástica e totalmente” todas as acusações, que atribuiu às maquinações dos EUA, EU e Japão.

Os horrores “não tem paralelo no mundo atual”, diz um dos investigadores
O chefe da equipe, o juiz australiano Michael Kirby, explicou em sua audiência que as atrocidades descritas têm numerosos paralelismos com os crimes perpetrados pelos nazistas. Como exemplo, lembrou o relato de um prisioneiro, cujo trabalho incluía incinerar os cadáveres dos internos mortos de fome e usar as cinzas como fertilizante.
O juiz Kirby instou a comunidade internacional a passar para a ação. E enquanto brandia o relatório numa mão lembrou-lhes que não cabe apelar ao desconhecimento como se fez depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial. “Agora, a comunidade internacional sabe. Não existe desculpa para não agir porque não sabíamos”. A comissão instou o Conselho de Segurança a enviar as acusações para a Corte Penal Internacional. O maior entrave para isso seria o provável veto da China, principal aliado do regime que Kim Jong-un herdou de seu pai e este de seu avô. A comissão Kirby pretende que Kim e centenas de chefes do aparato de segurança prestem contas diante da justiça internacional por crimes contra a humanidade. Também recomendaram sanções individualizadas da ONU contra os altos cargos civis e militares pelos crimes mais graves.
Os depoimentos públicos e os privados (duzentos) incluíram alguns de antigos guardas. Ahn Myong-chol contou como um de seus companheiros matou um preso a pauladas no campo 22 por comer demasiado devagar. O assunto foi investigado, mas o guarda não foi castigado e sim premiado com “o direito de ir à universidade”.

Lealdade política para sobreviver

A ditadura dos Kim organizou toda a sociedade norte-coreana em função do grau de lealdade das famílias. Só as de fidelidade absoluta ao longo dos anos disfrutam do privilégio de viver em Pyongyang. E, como constatam os investigadores da ONU, “o monopólio do acesso à comida foi usado como instrumento importante para garantir a lealdade política”.
A fome que matou mais de um milhão de norte-coreanos (quase um em cada 20) em meados dos anos 90 resultou na proliferação de mercados informais que aliviaram a escassez de alimentos. Entretanto, a comissão de investigação da ONU frisa que “a distribuição da comida priorizou os que eram úteis para a sobrevivência do regime político, em detrimento daqueles considerados sacrificáveis”.
Os prisioneiros políticos recebem umas rações tão exíguas que o instinto de sobrevivência é mais forte do que o risco de ser imediatamente executado. Shin, a testemunha número um, contou à comissão que umas duas vezes por semana os guardas escolhiam uma criança e a revistavam para ver se havia surrupiado alguns grãos de cereal.
Os norte-coreanos estão divididos em castas desde que nascem: os afins, os duvidosos e os hostis. Basta que um parente tenha tentado escapar ou lutar no grupo errado na guerra para que toda a família seja considerada hostil. “Nasci criminoso e morreria criminoso. Esse era o meu destino”, disse uma testemunha. Isso influi nas rações. Os norte-coreanos mais desesperados fogem para a China, fronteira menos difícil de cruzar do que a zona desmilitarizada. A recompensa é imensa, mas o risco também porque Pequim repatria muitos, embora a ONU lhe recorde que isso é ilegal. Os que empreendem a fuga para serem livres (e comer até se fartar) se arriscam a que os matem, os prendam ou torturem. A eles e a suas famílias.

terça-feira, 18 de fevereiro de 2014

Coreia do Norte: o pais amigo do PCdoB e de outros partidos brasileiros afins

Coreia do Norte: comissão menciona crimes ligados a políticas ao mais alto nível
Eleutério Guevane, da Rádio ONU em Nova Iorque.
Rádio ONU, 18/02/2014
Áudio disponível em:

Relatório de grupo de especialistas apresentado à ONU revela vários casos do que chama "atrocidades indescritíveis"; documento lançado esta segunda-feira, em Genebra, propõe ação dos Estados incluindo encaminhamento de Pyongyang ao Tribunal Penal Internacional.
Um painel de peritos mandatado pelo Conselho de Direitos Humanos da ONU aponta para vários crimes contra a humanidade como resultado de "políticas estabelecidas ao mais alto nível de Estado" na Coreia do Norte.
O relatório, publicado nesta segunda-feira em Genebra, destaca que estes foram e continuam a ser  cometidos. O documento pede a ação urgente da comunidade internacional para resolver a situação dos direitos humanos no país, incluindo  que se recorra ao Tribunal Penal Internacional.

Testemunhos
O documento de 400 páginas reúne mais de 80 testemunhos de vítimas ouvidas em cidades como Seul, Tóquio, Londres e Washington. O informe teve mais de 240 entrevistas feitas em Banguecoque e apresentações de várias entidades.
A Comissão de Inquérito diz ter documentado com grande detalhe o que chama de "atrocidades indescritíveis" e pede que os acusados sejam levados à justiça.
Entre os vários crimes, o painel faz menção a práticas como tortura, escravidão, violência sexual e repressão política severa. Conforme destaca, Pyongyang recusou-se a cooperar e rejeitou as conclusões do relatório.

Novelas
O painel cita o relato de uma mulher forçada a afogar o seu próprio bebé, crianças presas que desde o nascimento foram obrigadas a passar fome e famílias torturadas por assistir novelas estrangeiras.
A Comissão da ONU disse que o líder norte-coreano  Kim Jong-un não respondeu tanto a uma cópia antecipada do relatório como a uma carta que lhe foi enviada a advertir que este poderia ser pessoalmente responsabilizado pelos abusos.
O presidente da Comissão de Inquérito Independente, Michael Kirby, considerou que a gravidade, a escala e a natureza das violações revelam um Estado que não tem qualquer paralelo no mundo contemporâneo.

Campo de Prisioneiros
A Comissão revela que a Coreia do Norte demonstra vários atributos de um Estado totalitário, estimando-se que entre 80 mil e 120 mil presos políticos estejam detidos. Nos quatro grandes campos de prisioneiros políticos foram registadas práticas com "fome deliberada usada como um meio de controlo e punição"
O painel de especialistas, criado em março do ano passado pelo Conselho de Direitos Humanos, diz que nos locais testemunhas assistiram ao assassinato de membros da família e a presos indefesos a serem usados para a prática de artes marciais.

Sistema Prisional
O grupo de especialistas diz que a comunidade internacional deve aceitar a sua responsabilidade de proteger aos norte-coreanos de crimes contra a humanidade, por defender que o Governo "manifestamente não conseguiu fazê-lo." 

A série de graves violações documentadas no informe também seria cometida no sistema prisional comum, de acordo com as conclusões da Comissão.

Launch media viewer
Michael Donald Kirby, a retired Australian judge and the chairman of a United Nations panel that investigated rights abuses in North Korea, after a news conference in Geneva on Monday. Denis Balibouse/Reuters
GENEVA — A United Nations panel has served notice to Kim Jong-un, the North Korean leader, that he may be personally held liable in court for crimes against humanity committed by state institutions and officials under his direct control.
A letter conveying this notice is part of a report by the panel to the United Nations Human Rights Council, released Monday after a yearlong investigation.
The report is viewed by rights activists not only as the most detailed and authoritative body of data on the state of human rights in North Korea, but also as a milestone in the international debate on one of the world’s most reclusive and isolated countries.
In the letter, dated Jan. 20, the panel chairman, the retired Australian judge Michael Donald Kirby, summarized the investigation’s findings of crimes against humanity committed by officials that could be inferred to be acting under Mr. Kim’s personal control.
Addressing Mr. Kim, 31, Judge Kirby wrote that his panel would recommend that the United Nations Security Council refer the situation in North Korea to the International Criminal Court, to make all those responsible for crimes accountable, “including possibly yourself.”
“I hope that the international community will be moved by the detail, the amount, the long duration, the great suffering and the many tears that have existed in North Korea to act on the crimes against humanity,” Judge Kirby said on Monday, speaking to reporters in the Geneva offices of the United Nations.
“Too many times in this building there are reports and no action,” Judge Kirby said. “Well, now is a time for action. We can’t say we didn’t know.”
North Korea denounced the report, and the process leading up to it, as a fabricated concoction of lies and deceits by North Korea’s enemies, including South Korea and the United States.
A statement from the North Korean Mission in Geneva, quoted by Reuters, said that such rights violations “do not exist in our country,” and that the findings were “an instrument of a political plot aimed at sabotaging the socialist system.”
The North Korean authorities repeatedly denied the panel’s request for permission to visit the country to investigate. The report relied heavily on testimony from North Korean refugees, escapees and asylum seekers.
The panel’s 36-page summary report and a 372-page annex detail what the report calls a wide range of crimes against humanity. The report also criticizes the political and security apparatus of the North Korean state, saying that it used surveillance, fear, public executions and forced disappearances “to terrorize the population into submission.”
“Systematic, widespread and gross human rights violations have been and are being committed by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, its institutions and officials,” the report asserted, referring to North Korea by its official name. The report stopped short of alleging genocide but specified among others the crimes of “extermination,” murder, enslavement, torture, rape and persecution on grounds of race, religion and gender.
The report also reported in detail on the abduction of foreign citizens, notably from Japan and South Korea, observing “these international forced disappearances are unique in their intensity, scale and nature.”
In many instances the abuses constitute crimes against humanity, the report said, adding that “these are not mere excesses of the state; they are essential components” and have been committed “pursuant to policies at the highest level of the state.”
Human rights activists had pushed for the creation of the panel in a bid to broaden what had been the international community’s focus on the North’s nuclear program and bellicose security policies to the near exclusion of its human rights record.
North Korea’s practice of what the report called “crimes that shock the conscience of humanity” for decades “raises questions about the inadequacy of the international community.”
“It really opens up a whole new chapter in the international reaction to North Korea,” Lee Jung-hoon, South Korea’s ambassador for human rights, said by telephone. “It’s not just an investigation and a report and that’s the end of it. It’s giving a road map and blueprint to end this thing. There’s a very strong sense of urgency.”
There appears to be little immediate prospect of winning approval for International Criminal Court prosecution, however. Approval is necessary from the Security Council’s permanent members, which include North Korea’s long-term protector, China.
Still, Mr. Lee said, “just the fact that they are getting the vocabulary of crimes against humanity, the International Criminal Court and Kim Jong-un on the same page is a huge step forward in the debate on North Korean human rights.”
The panel also listed some other possible options for prosecution, including the formation of an ad hoc tribunal such as those convened to investigate crimes in the Balkans and Rwanda. It also called for the Human Rights Council to establish a structure to keep up the collection of evidence of human rights violations.
“The U.N. has been more or less indifferent about these issues for six decades — the panel are trying to jump-start the reaction of the international community,” said Julie de Rivero, Geneva representative of Human Rights Watch. “Steps need to be put in place so that North Korea gets the message loud and clear that the issue won’t be ignored and it won’t just be the nuclear issue that triggers an international response.”

sexta-feira, 3 de janeiro de 2014

Ditadura norte-coreana executa 80 pessoas simultaneamente em 7 cidades; talvez o PCdoB queira fazer uma nota de solidariedade...

O PCdoB, que junto com outros partidecos fascistas que pensam que são de esquerda, ou progressistas, já fez uma nota indecorosa quando da morte do pai do ditado atual.
Talvez ele queira fazer uma outra nota cumprimentando o partido e o novo grande líder, pelo fuzilamento -- por vezes em estádios, com presença obrigatória de espectadores para servir de exemplo -- de 80 pessoas simultaneamente, em sete cidades diferentes.
Os condenados à morte estavam assistindo coisas perigosas, como novelas sul-coreanas clandestinamente, e talvez até Desperate Housewives, que como todos sabem dá péssimos exemplos de conduta para uma sociedade comunista.

Vejam o anúncio neste link:

http://live.huffingtonpost.com/r/archive/segment/north-korea-reportedly-executes-80-simultaneously-in-7-cities/52811f81fe34447c7b00029f

segunda-feira, 23 de dezembro de 2013

A guerra do Fax: o mundo surrealista da Coreia do Norte (et oui...)


WorldViews

North and South Korea exchange faxes threatening to attack each other


The fax machine, a notorious tool of warfare. (YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)
The fax machine, a notorious tool of warfare. (YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)
North Korea sent a fax to South Korea's defense ministry on Thursday, threatening "a merciless retaliation without warning" in response to an anti-North Korean demonstration that had taken place in Seoul. This is Pyongyang's first such threat via fax.
The story is humorous and revealing for several reasons. First, the idea of scolding the South Korean government for a popular demonstration that occurred within South Korea betrays either a total misunderstanding of how democratic societies function or simply that Pyongyang thought this would be a sufficient excuse for its latest threat.
Second, faxes are funny. The mode of communication is both outdated and entirely undignified, which is actually sort of a perfect metaphor for North Korea's obsolete military and its systematically bizarre practices. (Although the fax is unusually common in East Asia, particularly Japan.)
But my favorite aspect of this story by far isn't North Korea's fax threatening to launch a war at any moment. It's the fact that South Korea, on Friday, turned around and sent the North Koreans a threatening fax right back.
"We've sent a reply vowing to react sternly to any provocations by North Korea," a South Korean defense ministry spokesperson announced. We have not learned the full content of the fax, but it did promise "resolute punishment" for any North Korean provocations.
North Korea does crazy-looking stuff all the time. Behaving in as aggressive and unpredictable a manner as possible is official North Korean strategy. It's by all appearances deliberate, and it's very effective, successfully deterring the North's much more powerful enemies and extracting regular concessions from them. In short, North Korea's crazed war fax is, in a sense, actually pretty rational.
You can't really say the same for the war fax that South Korea sent in return. South Korea's population is twice the size of the North's, and its GDP is 80 times larger. Eighty! It's also got tens of thousands of U.S. troops stationed in the country and a pledge of U.S. support in the event of war. South Korea doesn't need to send an angry fax threatening North Korea. But it did.
North Korea's policy of aggression and random threats serves a strategic purpose. South Korea's own history of hard-line policies has been strategic, as well, but also often earnestly felt. This episode is a reminder that both Koreas, including the democratic and pro-Western South, can sometimes indulge in antics that most other countries would likely avoid.
More on North Korea:

sexta-feira, 13 de dezembro de 2013

Darkness at Noon: Arthur Koestler reenacted in North Korea: o stalinismo como forma de arte política

A Coreia do Norte, um país que conseguiu superar até mesmo as mais aviltadas formas do stalinismo em sua fase mais grandiosa dos delírios totalitários - no imediato pós-Segunda Guerra, quando o Marechal de Ferro Stalin recebia ditirâmbicos elogios de sabujos como Jorge Amado e Pablo Neruda -- consegue fazer coisas que nem o mais distópico dos romancistas conseguiria imaginar.
Vejam o comunicado de imprensa sobre o assassinato do tio do ditador corrente, o terceiro na linha de sucessão desde Kim Il-Sung, aliás seu neto, um roteiro completo para um Ionesco do teatro de absurdos que representa esse pobre país, provavelmente o mais alienado da face da terra. Até Lênin se surpreenderia... mas talvez gostasse...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida

An intolerable mockery’: the wild-eyed worldview of North Korean propaganda


North Korean leader Kim Jong Un (KNS/AFP/Getty Images)
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un (KNS/AFP/Getty Images)
The scribes at North Korea's official state news agency have long elevated hyperbole into an art form, but even by their high standards, this week's pronouncement was something special.
Here's a typical sentence from the Korean Central News Agency's 1,000-word release announcing the execution of Jang Song Thaek, the uncle of leader Kim Jong Un: "Despicable human scum Jang, who was worse than a dog, perpetrated thrice-cursed acts of treachery in betrayal of such profound trust and warmest paternal love shown by the party and the leader for him." The report denounced Jang's alleged crimes large and very small, from "counter-revolutionary factional acts" to "half-heartedly clapping."
The phrase "thrice-cursed acts of treachery" turns out to be a common one in official North Korean releases, suggesting the propagandists are driven more by routine procedure and less by passion than we might think.
North Korean state propaganda is well-known for its permanent pose of righteous outrage, its odd proclivity for piling on metaphors and colloquialisms, and for language so wordy and over-the-top it verges on self-parody. But there is a certain internal logic to North Korea's official declarations, a worldview that makes sense from within the country even if it can seem absurd from outside.
"For all the hyperbole in which it is couched, and the histrionics with which it is proclaimed, North Korean propaganda is not nearly as outlandish as the uninitiated think," the scholar B.R. Myers wrote in his groundbreaking 2010 study of the North's propaganda, "The Cleanest Race." Beneath the flowery language, Myers argued, is a state ideology so simple it can be summarized in a single sentence: "The Korean people are too pure blooded, and therefore too virtuous, to survive in this evil world without a great parental leader."
That ideology helps explain the sense of victimhood and grievance that seems to drive so much of the outrage voiced by the KCNA. Consider this line from a release condemning Western sanctions that blocked North Korea from importing Swiss ski lifts:
This is an intolerable mockery of the social system and the people of the DPRK and a serious human rights abuse that politicizes sports and discriminates against the Koreans.
In the state media's view, the North Korean state and people are the ultimate embodiment of good in the world, constantly besieged by forces of evil from within and without. It's a high-stakes drama meant to enlist every citizen, unifying them against their many common enemies and imbuing their lives with a sense of great purpose that just happens to demand absolute loyalty. Defector accounts suggest it is widely taken in earnest.
One of the more confusing habits of North Korean state media, though, may be the profusion of mixed metaphors and colloquialisms in their native-produced English-language editions. See, for example, this line from Pyongyang's "declaration of war," issued in March against the United States:
The important decision made by [Kim Jong Un] is the declaration of a do-or-die battle to provide an epochal occasion for putting an end to the history of the long-standing showdown with the U.S. and opening a new era. It is also a last warning of justice served to the U.S., south Korean group and other anti-reunification hostile forces. The decision reflects the strong will of the army and people of the DPRK to annihilate the enemies.
Native English speakers are, naturally, extremely rare in North Korea. But propagandists often borrow from American media -- repurposing images and music from U.S.-made video games, for example -- suggesting a wide audience for such things in state media offices. Perhaps Pyongyang's non-native speakers feel that colloquialisms lend color and authority their rhetoric -- so they use as many as they can.
But where North Korean media most excel may be the realm of threat and insult. The country's military is far too weak to survive an actual war, but Pyongyang needs to instill a sense of conflict, both to affirm the official ideology of constant threat and to promote a much-desired rally-around-the-flag effect. And no one wages verbal war like KCNA.
"Let Us Cut Off Windpipes of the Lee Myung Bak-led Swarm of Rats," declared one of many headlines threatening South Korea's president from 2008 to earlier this year. Pledging to cut windpipes is something of a North Korean specialty. So is threatening to turn various locales into "seas of fire." This is from just last month, on the anniversary of North Korea's apparently random shelling of a small South Korean community on the island of Yeonpyeong:
If the South recklessly provokes us again, the sea of fire at Yeonpyeong will turn into a sea of fire at the Blue House. ... [President] Park Geun-Hye and her clique must find a painful lesson in the shameful defeat inflicted upon the South.
Even we in the Western media have not gone untouched. In March, a lengthy KCNA release repeatedly condemned the "despicable reptile media" for, in its word, "jabbering."

domingo, 30 de junho de 2013

O insuportavel charme de um livro odioso: Mein Kampf apreciado na Asia

    Do Asian readers know about the anti-Semitism in 'Mein Kampf'?

    By Husna Haq

    North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has been giving state officials
     copies of Adolf Hitler's book, while the book is a bestseller in India.

    The Christian Science Monitor,  June 19, 2013

Kim Jong Un has reportedly given copies of 'Mein Kampf' to North Korean state officials as gifts.
David Guttenfelder/AP

The latest "it" book in some Asian countries is evidence of a startling new trend: growing interest in “Mein Kampf,” Adolf Hitler’s anti-Semitic Nazi manifesto.

Hitler’s autobiography is gaining popularity in North Korea and India, where fans appear to be relatively unaware of its anti-Semitic message and instead embrace the book for other reasons. The news, coming on the heels of German efforts to republish the anti-Semitic autobiography early last year, has revived debates about balancing freedom of speech and of the press with efforts to restrict hateful speech.
North Korean leader Kim Jong-un gave state officials copies of “Mein Kampf” as gifts on his birthday last January, according to a report in New Focus International, a newspaper run by North Korean defectors. “It seems the book was intended to promote a study of Hitler’s economic reforms, and was not necessarily meant as an endorsement of Nazism,” reports NPR.
“Kim Jong-un gave a lecture to high-ranking officials, stressing that we must pursue the policy of Byungjin (Korean for ‘in tandem’) in terms of nuclear and economic development. Mentioning that Hitler managed to rebuild Germany in a short time following its defeat in WWI, Kim Jong-un issued an order for the Third Reich to be studied in depth and asked that practical applications be drawn from it,” a source told New Focus International in a telephone interview.
And in India, the book has become a bestseller,Businessweek reports.
“Lacking the sting of anti-Semitism but troubling nonetheless, the Hitler brand is gaining strength in India,” Bloomberg Businessweek reports. “Mein Kampf is a bestseller, and bossy people are often nicknamed Hitler on television and in movies.”
Indeed, Hitler has become so popular in India that movies, soap operas, and even retail stores have been named after the Nazi leader. But in India, where European history is not widely taught and Hitler’s anti-Semitism is largely unknown, the admiration has less to do with Hitler’s hatred of Jews and more to do with hero worship of strong military leaders.
The growing popularity of “Mein Kampf" in North Korea and India follows on the heels of efforts to republish portions of the book in Germany in early 2012, more than 85 years after its initial publication. 
There, editors at the German magazine “Zeitungszeugen” had planned to run three 16-page installments of “Mein Kampf” as pamphlets inserted into issues of the magazine, arguing that exposing the work would remove its mystique and the “forbidden” appeal surrounding it.
The decision launched the country into a tense debate about whether republishing would “propagate hate and inspire neo-Nazi groups” or “deflate the aura that surrounds the restricted work and expose it as a confused, rambling screed.” 
As we reported last January, Hitler wrote "Mein Kampf" – "My Struggle" in English – while he was languishing in a Bavarian prison after the failed Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. The rambling and anti-Semitic manifesto-cum-autobiography outlined his ideology, including his views on Aryan racial purity and his hatred of Jews and opposition to Communism. Following World War II, the Allies gave the rights to "Mein Kampf" to the Bavarian state government and the book is widely available online and across the world.
Husna Haq is a Monitor correspondent.

quarta-feira, 15 de maio de 2013

A China perdeu a paciencia com seu enfant terrible? - Financial Times


China banks rein in support for North Korea
By Simon Rabinovitch in Dandong, China
Financial Times, 14/05/2013

Top Chinese banks have halted most dealings with North Korea, an unprecedented move to use financial leverage against Pyongyang that reflects Beijing’s exasperation with Kim Jong-eun’s regime.
The Chinese financial blockade against North Korea goes beyond what Beijing had agreed to implement in UN resolutions, with several leading banks saying they have stopped all cross-border cash transfers, regardless of the nature of the business. A UN resolution this year only called for sanctions in cases where money might contribute to North Korea’s nuclear and ballistic missile programmes.
Nevertheless, the blockade is far from watertight. A smaller bank based in northeastern China across the border from North Korea said it was still handling large-scale cross-border transfers, an indication that Beijing is not willing to entirely cut off North Korea.
China is overwhelmingly North Korea’s most important economic partner. Trade between the two countries has grown rapidly in recent years, providing a vital cash lifeline to the isolated, impoverished state.
But diplomatic relations between the two neighbours have suffered over the past year. Mr Kim has yet to visit China since taking power at the end of 2011 and has rebuffed Chinese entreaties to refrain from nuclear bomb and missile tests.
Concerned about the consequences for regional security and also angered by Mr Kim’s disregard for China, Beijing has started to use the financial sanctions to ratchet up the pressure on North Korea.
Industrial and Commercial Bank of ChinaChina Construction Bank and Agricultural Bank of China – China’s three biggest banks – said they had suspended all financial dealings with North Korea.
“CCB strictly adheres to all decisions taken by Chinese regulators and the UN Security Council,” CCB said. “At present, CCB has no business contact whatsoever with North Korean banks and all representative accounts [of North Korean] banks are closed.”
Bank of China, the country’s primary institution for foreign exchange transactions, said last week that it had closed the account of Foreign Trade Bank, North Korea’s main foreign exchange bank. However, asked whether it had also frozen other financial dealings with North Korea, Bank of China declined to comment.
Cai Jian, an expert on North Korea at Shanghai’s Fudan University, said it appeared to be the first time that Chinese banks had taken such co-ordinated action against Pyongyang.
“Previously even when China signed on to sanctions against North Korea, there was still a lot of economic activity between our two countries,” he said. “This time, I think, China’s banks received orders from the government to cut ties.”
Among China’s smaller banks, the picture is more mixed. A manager at the Bank of Dalian branch in Dandong on the border with North Korea said transfers to the country were still possible. “As long as the company is doing normal trade, not sensitive goods like arms, we can process the transfer,” he said.
China is estimated to account for nearly 90 per cent of North Korea’s overall exports and imports, but North Korea accounts for less than 0.2 per cent of China’s exports and imports. The bank sanctions threaten to undermine the financial architecture that keeps goods moving between the two countries.
Additional reporting by Emma Dong
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