Depois da postagem deste meu paper:
recebi uma série de comentários, dos quais destaco os seguintes:
Minha resposta:
Minha resposta a ele:
Dear Frank,
Many thanks for your thoughtful remarks about 1964 and afterwards. I agree with you in most of your arguments, but I beg your attention to only two remarks of mine, one negligible, the other most important. First, is the mention of Castello Branco being "killed" in 1967. If you accept the conspiratorial theory of assassination, which I discard, the verb could be applied, but I think he was really the victim of an aerial accident, without the purpose of killing him.
As for this phrase: " The armed left in Brazil appeared after 1964 not before as a response to the violent repression", I also disagree. The Castroites were financing, training and stimulation guerrilla in Brazil, Venezuela and some Central American Countries. Venezuela is at the origin of denunciation of Cuban ventures at OAS, which led to the Punta del Este suspension of Cuba in 1962 (with the abstention of Brazil). But in 1963, people from Julião's Ligas Camponesas were being trained in Mexico by Cuban agents.
In the same year, or in 1963, PCdoB sent people to Maoist China to be trained in guerrilla warfare at the Military Academy of the People's Army. Many of them formed the initial group at Araguaia later on.
Almost as immediately after the military coup in 1964, Cuba gave huge money to Brizola, in Uruguay, to finance groups of former military in trying to start an armed detachment in Minas Gerais, disrupted easily by Armed Forces. Brizola retained most of the money to buy ranches in Uruguay, which led Fidel Castro to call him El Ratón. In 1965, Carlos Marighella went to Cuba, in one of the first attempt to create a Tricontinental organization, joining armed struggle against imperialism in Latin America, Asia (Vietnam) and Africa. Che Guevara tried to do this in Congo, in the same year, with a complete failure, and then he started to prepare his Bolivian venture. In 1966, when Castello Branco was still in power, Cuba organised a big meeting of "guerrilla candidates", under the banner of OLAS, Organización Latino-americana de Solidaridad.
The armed struggle in Brazil started very early, and it were that various attempts by new dissident movements from the Brazilian Communist Party that were the very responsible factor for the violent repression by the military that ensued. I know it: I was one of the candidates to become replicas of Ché Guevara. Of course, I left Brazil in 1970, not to being caught in the harsh repression that followed the kidnapping of US ambassador in 1969.
Again, I thank you for your interest in my paper.
How was your meeting with Mourão, a prospective president?
All the best.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Brasilia, April 8, 2019
O debate continua...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Brasília, 8 de abril de 2019
7 days ago