El País, Madri – 1.4.2020
EE UU propone un plan de transición política en Venezuela sin Maduro ni Guaidó
Washington se compromete a levantar las sanciones contra el régimen si se llevan a cabo elecciones presidenciales libres y se retiran del país las fuerzas de seguridad extranjeras
Antonia Laborde
El secretario de Estado estadounidense, Mike Pompeo, ha presentado este martes un plan para la salida de la crisis política de Venezuela. El “Marco Democrático para Venezuela” que defiende el Gobierno de Donald Trump consiste en que tanto Nicolás Maduro como Juan Guaidó, el presidente interino reconocido por una cincuentena de países, “se hagan a un lado” para que la Asamblea Nacional nombre un Consejo de Gobierno de transición, que se encargue de organizar a unas elecciones presidenciales en los próximo seis a ocho meses. A su vez, Washington levantará todas las sanciones contra el régimen si las fuerzas de seguridad extranjeras se retiran del país sudamericano. “Esperemos que Maduro tome esta propuesta como algo serio”, sostuvo Pompeo.
El enviado especial para Venezuela del Departamento de Estado, Elliott Abrams, explicó que la caída de los precios del petróleo y el coronavirus “han profundizado” la crisis venezolana, y por eso es necesario poner en marcha el plan, según publicó en una columna de opinión en The Wall Street Journal. Además, aclaró que Estados Unidos "no apoya a ningún partido político en particular” en Venezuela, y que reconocerá los resultados de las elecciones, sin importar la formación que gane. "Debido a que no se puede confiar en el señor Maduro para organizar los comicios, establecer el Consejo de Estado es un paso esencial”, agregó. También reiterò la necesidad de establecer un nuevo Consejo Nacional Electoral y una nueva Corte Suprema, ambos independientes.
El plan hacia una “transición democrática” presentado por Washington fue coordinado conjuntamente con Guaidó, “el político más popular de Venezuela”, según lo describió Pompeo. La agenda de la propuesta se divide en 14 puntos, en los que se detallan qué sanciones levantará Estados Unidos a medida que se vaya cumpliendo el cornograma. El primer paso es el retorno de los miembros de la Asamblea Nacional y del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, devolver la inmunidad de los diputados y disolver la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente. Con esto cumplido, EE UU retirará las sanciones a los miembros de la ANC.
Hace menos de una semana el Gobierno estadounidense presentó una acusación penal contra Maduro, responsabilizándolo de tráfico internacional de drogas. El fiscal general, William Barr, anunció “recompensas por información que pueda llevar a la detención y al arresto” de Maduro y otros miembros destacados del régimen. Washington ofrece 15 millones de dólares a cambio de información sobre el líder chavista, y 10 millones por información que conduzca a la detención de los otros dirigentes chavistas. “Espero que vean esta oportunidad como una salida”, dijo este martes el secretario de Estado.
Venezuela afronta el coronavirus con un sistema sanitario precario, mientras millones no pueden permitirse cumplir la cuarentena decretada por las autoridades porque sus ingresos dependen de la economía informal. La urgencia generada por la pandemia instó a Guaidó a proponer el fin de semana la conformación de un Gobierno de unidad nacional sin la presencia de Maduro. “Para que sea posible y para que sea sostenible, un Gobierno de emergencia nacional no puede estar conformado sólo por quienes piensan como nosotros. Y tampoco puede estar conformado sólo por nosotros y quienes hoy sostienen a la dictadura; debe ser amplio e incluir a todos los sectores políticos y sociales necesarios para afrontar esta grave emergencia que se nos viene”, dijo.
Washington aclaró que los equipos médicos e insumos no se ven afectados por las sanciones impuestas contra el régimen. Tampoco existe alguna prohibición para mover ayuda humanitaria hacia el país sudamericano. Lo que “no pueden decir que no tienen dinero para alimentar al pueblo cuando siguen comprando armas”, sostuvo Pompeo.
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The New York Times – 1.4.2020
U.S. Counts on Global Crises to Press Again for Power Shift in Venezuela
Yet there is no indication Nicolás Maduro will step down, despite little assistance to confront the coronavirus and losing an economic lifeline during an oil spat between Russia and Saudi Arabia.
Lara Jakes
Washington - The United States is seizing on Venezuela’s economic pain and the coronavirus threat to push a new plan for a power-sharing government in Caracas until presidential elections can be held this year.
The proposal offers to ease American sanctions intended to pressure President Nicolás Maduro and his loyalists over the past year.
But it also demands that Mr. Maduro relinquish power as officials from his administration and the main opposition party, led by Juan Guaidó, create a short-term government that the United States hopes can ensure fair elections.
There is no indication that Mr. Maduro is prepared to step down. He has resisted Trump administration threats and entreaties to do so since a January 2019 revolt against his self-declared victory in widely disputed presidential elections in 2018.
On Monday night, Mr. Maduro attempted to head off any wavering in his ranks by threatening more repression.
“Justice will reach everyone,” he said in a national address, dressed in an unusual white suit reminiscent of mid-20th century Latin American strongmen and flanked by his closest lieutenants in face masks.
But the United States is counting on an energy dispute between Russia and Saudi Arabia that has resulted in plummeting prices of oil — a lifeline export for Venezuela’s cratering economy — and the International Monetary Fund’s rejection of a $5 billion coronavirus response loan to convince Mr. Maduro that his time is up.
“If any good can come out of those, maybe it is the combination of pressures on the regime that leads them to negotiate seriously,” Elliott Abrams, the State Department’s envoy for Venezuela policy, said in an interview.
He said the Trump administration had for several months been discussing with allies how to break the stalemate in Venezuela, and “we would have gone forward with this anyway.”
In Venezuela over the weekend, Mr. Guaidó also called for a power-sharing government to address the coronavirus threat after the monetary fund refused a loan two weeks ago when its member states split over the legitimacy of Mr. Maduro’s presidency. The United States and most of the West recognize Mr. Guaidó, the head of the Venezuelan Parliament, as the country’s interim president, while Russia, Iran, China and Cuba are steadfast allies of Mr. Maduro’s.
Mr. Guaidó said the temporary government “must be broad and include all the political and social sectors necessary to confront this grave emergency that is coming to us.” However, he maintained that it could not include Mr. Maduro or those of his supporters who, like the embattled president, were charged with drug trafficking last week by the United States.
With a power-sharing government, Mr. Guaidó said in a statement, international organizations may consider loaning Venezuela at least $1.2 billion to counter the pandemic, which he said could force people to “choose between dying from the virus or from hunger.”
In his speech on Monday night, Mr. Maduro appeared to threaten “all the plotters” to his rule with a brief reference to “Operation Knock-Knock” — raids by government security forces, beginning in 2017, that yanked political opponents from their houses at night. Several of Mr. Guaidó’s top officials, opposition lawmakers and a journalist have been detained in the past two weeks in the latest wave of the roundups.
The United States’ plan is based on proposals that were discussed last year between the sitting government and the opposition before negotiations broke down over whether Mr. Maduro would leave power. At the time, Mr. Maduro’s negotiators had also insisted that the United States lift sanctions against the government that have sought to cut off its oil exports and estrange it from the rest of the world.
Mr. Abrams said some sanctions against specific people in Mr. Maduro’s administration could be lifted as their roles in a power-sharing government shifted. But he said the most bruising financial penalties — including those that freeze the sitting administration’s assets and properties — would remain until Mr. Maduro steps down and the temporary government is empowered.
“Until that objective is achieved, our pressure will continue, and it will build steadily,” concluded a 12-point summary of the plan that the State Department shared with The New York Times.
In February, the Trump administration imposed sanctions on Russia’s Rosneft oil company, which is Mr. Maduro’s biggest economic backer.
On Saturday, Rosneft announced that it was pulling out of Venezuela. While the company appears to maintain its presence in the country through other entities, it has drastically reduced its oil trading business with Venezuela over the last month, which has contributed to severe gasoline shortages in the country.
On Monday, President Trump described circumstances in Venezuela as “dire” during a conversation with President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia, according to a White House statement. It said Mr. Trump told Mr. Putin that “we all have an interest in seeing a democratic transition to end the ongoing crisis.”
The State Department is also demanding a resolution to legal protections for opposition officials whose immunity was stripped by Mr. Maduro’s administration, and that foreign security forces leave Venezuela so that a power-sharing government is not influenced by any threat they may pose. Mr. Abrams said there were an estimated 2,500 Cuban intelligence officials in Venezuela to support Mr. Maduro and called it “simply impossible” for democratic efforts to succeed while they remain.
But Mr. Abrams was careful to say that the plan was an opening offer for talks between the two sides, “not a take-it-or-leave-it proposition,” and that no single issue was a deal breaker — except the demand for Mr. Maduro’s departure.
He said he presented the plan on Monday to allies among the about 60 countries that recognized Mr. Guaidó’s presidency, in Europe and Latin America.
But perhaps the only opinion of the plan that matters is that of Mr. Maduro, who has already weathered mass domestic protests, obliterated revenues that have rebounded in some places and broad condemnation for creating one of the world’s largest refugee populations.
Mr. Abrams insisted that the proposal was not a desperate attempt to dislodge Mr. Maduro, after more than a year without any progress.
“Even Maduro must recognize that he has no solutions for Venezuela,” Mr. Abrams said.
He said the plan was intended to persuade the country’s military, government workers, business leaders and others “to realize that they need a solution.”
“And this is a solution,” Mr. Abrams said, “and Maduro is an obstacle.”
