Non-Intervention: a political concept, in a legal wrap: a historical and juridical appraisal of the Brazilian doctrine and practice - Paulo Roberto de Almeida

 Uma pesquisadora em MOSCOU (et pour cause) "desenterrou" recentemente um texto meu de 2009, do qual eu já tinha esquecido completamente. Eu o fiz para um escritório londrino de advocacia (já envolvido em questões da Rússia putinista, pós ou novamente "soviética") e nunca tinha sido publicado desde então. Eu o divulgo novamente, pois que passou praticamente despercebido naquele momento, sem que eu sequer me lembrasse de que ele tinha sido divulgado num antigo blog meu e colocado (mas sem registro imediato) na plataforma Academia.edu, o que registro agora e transcrevo o sumário e o resumo.

2023. “Non-Intervention: a political concept, in a legal wrap: a historical and juridical appraisal of the Brazilian doctrine and practice”, Brasília, 8 Julho 2009, 17 p. Ensaio sobre o conceito em causa, para informar escritório britânico de advocacia. Revisto para Revista Contexto Internacional; parecer solicitando diversas mudanças formais, sem condições de atender temporariamente. Divulgado no blog Textos PRA (3/03/2010; link: http://textospra.blogspot.com/2010/03/569-brazil-and-non-intervention-paulo-r.html); divulgado na plataforma Academia.edu (sem data, mas verificado novamente em 18/05/2023: link: https://www.academia.edu/41574014/Non_Intervention_a_political_concept_in_a_legal_wrap_A_historical_and_juridical_appraisal_of_the_Brazilian_doctrine_and_practice_2009_).

Non-Intervention: a political concept, in a legal wrap

A historical and juridical appraisal of the Brazilian doctrine and practice

 

Paulo Roberto de Almeida

PhD. in Social Sciences, University of Brussels, career Diplomat.

 

Summary: 

1. Non-intervention in domestic affairs as an old Westphalian principle

2. The Calvo Doctrine in its historical context: the Droit des Gens in 19th century

3. Pan-American affairs and European intervention: the case of Venezuela, 1902

4. The Roosevelt Corollary and its political consequence: the Drago principle 

5. Brazil’s defense of sovereignty at the Second Hague Peace Conference, 1907

6. Inter-American Juridical Committee: its contribution to international law

7. Reconfirmation and evolution of the Brazilian position on non-intervention

8. Non-intervention as a test case: the bipolar age and the Cuban affair

9. Another test case: intervention in the Dominican Republic, 1965

10. Contemporary manifestations of Brazil’s conception of non-intervention

 

Abstract: Since the inception of its national State and the consolidation of professional diplomacy in the early 19^thcentury, Brazil has consistently adhered to the doctrine of non-intervention, as well as to the clause of self-determination. These are two of the most enduring principles defended by Latin American countries, in the face both of real or supposed threats of European interferences in their internal affairs, and of the more concrete intervention by the U.S., armed or diplomatic against immediate neighbors in the Caribbean and Central America. Notwithstanding, Brazil was either a victim or perpetrator of violations against those principles, having been subjected to abuses by Great Britain in connection with slave traffic. Indeed, Brazil also intervened in the internal affairs of its neighbors, including Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. During most of the 20^th century, Brazil was a staunch defender of the principles of national sovereignty and non-intervention, as well as of the absolute sovereign equality of all nations, as defended by its delegation at the Second Hague Peace Conference (1907). But Brazil was also involved, both voluntarily and involuntarily, in some paradigmatic cases in the region, such as Cuba’s expulsion from the OAS due to its support of guerrilla groups in neighboring countries. Moreover, Brazil had its own participation in the American armed intervention in the Dominican Republic (1965), and, lastly, in the case of the UN mission for the stabilization of Haiti (Minustah), which some equate with interference. Finally, recent diplomatic initiatives from Brazil towards other poor countries have been identified with a behavior of ‘non-indifference’, which is said to be a reverse complement of the non-intervention principle. A final appraisal is that non-intervention may be a juridical concept, but its effective usage has been thoroughly political and selective. 

Key words: Non-intervention. Brazil. Inter-American Affairs. Sovereignty. 

(...)

Ler a íntegra neste link: 

https://www.academia.edu/41574014/Non_Intervention_a_political_concept_in_a_legal_wrap_A_historical_and_juridical_appraisal_of_the_Brazilian_doctrine_and_practice_2009_