Billionaires List
Big Man In Brazil
Keren Blankfeld
Forbes Magazine, March 29, 2010
Eike Batista has ridden up the commodities boom to become the richest guy in his country. He aims to keep going.
In Brazil, perhaps the only thing that's bigger than Eike Fuhrken Batista is Pão de Açúcar, the peak that dominates Guanabara Bay in Rio de Janeiro. "Sugarloaf" mountain stares across to his tenth-floor office in the Praia do Flamengo building. Six years ago Batista swore he'd become Brazil's richest man. Now he is: With a net worth of $27 billion, two-thirds of that gained over the last 12 months, he's on his way to arriving at his latest boastful goal, becoming the world's wealthiest guy. His Facebook page mentions how rich he is three times.
Batista, 53, has made a pile in resources and other services: mining (MMX), energy (MPX), logistics (LLX), real estate (REX), shipbuilding (OSX), tourism and entertainment. But two-thirds of his fortune comes from a relatively new source--OGX Petróleo e Gas Participações, the oil-and-gas exploration company he founded in July 2007 and took public a year later. "If you compare the 17,000-to-1 ratio of success for gold discoveries to the 2-to-1 ratio for [offshore] oil," says Batista, "you can see why I became so enthusiastic about creating OGX." What's with all the "X"s in his companies' names? They're meant to suggest the multiplication of wealth. He almost always lives up to the promise. Shrewdness, drive and well-placed risks figure in his extraordinary success. So do good timing and sheer luck.
After roughly 25 years in precious metals Batista decided to bet on oil. In November 2007, four months after he formed OGX, state-owned Petrobras announced the discovery of an oil bed in the Santos Basin Tupi area, off Brazil's southeastern coast. With a potential 8 billion barrels of oil equivalent, it was the largest discovery ever made in Brazil (at the time the country had 14 billion barrels of oil and gas reserves). Batista, who has long had connections within Brazil's government, had been in touch with Paulo Mendonça, a 34-year veteran of Petrobras who had just retired as its chief of exploration. A little inducement--big salary, an equity stake in OGX and stock options based on performance (what Batista gamely calls "a bonus with an onus")--persuaded Mendonça to set aside retirement and work for the new company, along with six experienced colleagues. "In the end, if you spend on know-how, the risk you're taking on is smaller," says Batista. Especially on know-how that's so well connected.
OGX was created just in time to become one of the first--and last--big players in an auction of exploration licenses by the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency. Only two weeks before the leases went up for bid, the Brazilian government decided to remove the most promising 41 blocks closest to the Tupi field that Petrobras had just discovered. The multinationals jockeying for those reserves were sidelined.
Meanwhile OGX offered $800 million for the exploration rights on 21 concession blocks in four different shallow-water basins, in some cases outbidding Petrobras. Batista pulled out $375 million from his own pocket; the rest came from 12 investors (including the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and New York City's Ziff brothers), some of whom had bet with him on earlier deals. After the bidding OGX held concessions covering roughly 1.7 million acres, making it the biggest private player in oil and gas. (Last year OGX acquired an additional 70% participating interest in 4.9 million acres from the nearby Pamaíba Basin.) The company then contracted for five semisubmersible rigs, with leases of two to three years plus renewal options, and hired a survey ship to collect seismic data. OGX also built a 3-d oilfield visualization center five floors below Batista's office. Since most blocks are in shallow water and relatively easy to access, production costs could be as low as $8 a barrel, compared with perhaps $35 for offshore Brazilian crude trapped under thick layers of salt.
In June 2008 OGX raised $4.1 billion in an initial offering, the largest in Brazil's history at the time. Batista himself invested another $450 million. He's a little touchy when asked about how much of this good fortune is strictly his own brilliant planning. "You cannot exist as a $20 billion company with speculation," he says. "Luck is Brazil being in this stable economic position today; luck is Brazil having these blocks available for bidding. But it's also a lot about discipline and hard work. There's also timing: When I did the IPO the price of oil was $140. That wasn't my doing. That was luck."
Some Brazilians who have followed Batista for years claim that he is locked in a classic Oedipal battle, perpetually trying to outshine his powerful father, Eliezer Batista da Silva. Dad protests. "Eike always gave signs of being a man who liked to get things accomplished," he says, "but I never imagined his success would be in this scale." Eliezer, now 85, presided over Brazil's behemoth mining company, Vale do Rio Doce, before it was privatized in 1997. During his presidency Vale, which had been primarily an iron ore exporter, expanded its operations globally and diversified into other metal markets and into pulp, forestry, shipping and railways. His reach in politics extended beyond leading the state-owned company: Minister of Mines & Energy off and on since 1962, Eliezer was named Secretary of Strategic Affairs in 1992 by President Fernando Collor. "I want to make it clear that I follow Eike's path more than he follows my path," says the elder Batista, who once advised Enron executive Rebecca Mark and today serves as a general business advisor to his son. "I've never been involved in oil."
Eike Batista bristles at the idea of any help from Dad. "All my businesses started from zero," he says. "My father was a problem for me because he never let me near Vale," he adds. "I wasn't allowed because he was afraid of a conflict of interest. I'm the one who made my own connections." Not to mention, laughs Batista, "my dad doesn't believe in taking risks."
Raised with his six siblings in Germany from age 12 to 23, mostly by his German mother, Batista studied metallurgy at the University of Aachen and claims he sold insurance door-to-door to help pay for school. In 1979 he returned to Brazil to try his hand at gold trading in the Amazon. His father thought he was crazy, but within 18 months Batista managed to bring in $6 million in commissions for himself. He used the loot to invest in a rudimentary operation of garimpeiros, men who lift gold ore from the jungle with pans and nets. But he underestimated the difficult logistics and the prevalence of diseases in the area. With only $300,000 left, he joked with friends that he should have taken the $6 million and hung out at the beach. But the workers eventually produced up to $1 million in gold per month. "Thank God, the mine was idiot-proof," quips Batista. "Only an extremely rich mine could have withstood all the mistakes I made. I was lucky."
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