Conclusion: The Big History of Globalization Told in Ten Pages
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2019, World-systems evolution and global futures
Numerous approaches to studying globalization co-exist in global research of the phenomenon, which is perfectly understandable, as the multitude of its manifestations permeate nearly all spheres of human life from the individual level to the whole world. In this book we choose to view the history of globalization along the Big History lines, tracing the increasing complexity of trans-border interactions and flows paralleled by the emergence and spread of global institutions and processes. In this chapter, which concludes the book, we challenge ourselves with fitting the first four periods of the history of globalization (from its earliest signs coming with the Neolithic Revolution to the first “golden age” of globalization in the decades prior to World War I) and their major innovations and watersheds into ten pages.
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12 Conclusion: The Big History of Globalization
Conclusion: The Big History of Globalization The essence of globalization remains far from indisputable. Of the hundreds definitions of globalization, this book has followed the approach proposed by George Modelski, whose idea lay in combining two approaches: the “connectivist” approach that views globalization as an increase in transborder interactions, relations, and flows; and the institutional approach, which explains globalization as the emergence and evolution of global, planetary-scale institutions. Let us empha- size that “institutions” is a wide term for Modelski, as it includes global free trade, multinational enterprises, global governance, worldwide social movements, ideologies, and so on (Modelski 2008). Thus, we have endeavored to analyze the history of globalization from two overlapping points of view, namely the emergence and expansion of various global networks, and the onset and development of global processes that brought deep changes to the human world. Our research has suggested an innovative periodization of the history of globali- zation. We have followed the approach from some recent works (Bayly 2004; Hopkins 2002; Robinson 2007; Hopper 2007; Holton 2011) in order to identify the five macro-periods of globalization, namely archaic, proto-modern, early mod- ern, modern (with its climax in the first “golden age” of globalization), and the newest (post-modern) globalization. This book has covered the first four periods. What is new, however, is the introduction of the concepts of phase transitions (large-scale qualitative changes in global connectivity and the development of the world) and periods of typogenesis and typostasis (emergence and spread of various innovative forms of social, political, and economic organization) as the basic notions to help provide a more detailed periodization within these macro-periods, especially the first two.
Told in Ten Pages
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