Eu normalmente não partilho das opiniões desse economista, e mesmo seus trabalhos baseados em dados e números, não em opiniões ou interpretações, me parecem eivados de desvios metodológicos, que na verdade refletem viéses ideológicos na construção dos indicadores.
Mas não deixa de ser engraçado uma crítica ao governo Lula vinda da esquerda socialista, não da direita conservadora, que supostamente seria neoliberal ou uma bobagem desse tipo.
De fato o governo Lula não é nada do que parece ser, e no plano econômico privilegiou muito mais os grandes capitalistas do que a massa de pobres, a qual foi também contemplada, não exatamente com qualificação e renda, mas com transferências monetárias subsidiadas, que representam renda retirada das camadas A e B (ou talvez até C superior), sob a forma de mais impostos, e concedida às classes D e E.
Mas deixo vocês lerem e formarem sua própria opinião.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Dependência econômica
Merval Pereira
O Globo, 07/08/2011
No momento em que o governo Dilma reconhece o perigo da desindustrialização e lança um programa de incentivo à indústria nacional, com medidas protecionistas que, em alguns casos, repetem erros do passado, criando reservas de mercado que podem gerar uma indústria sem competitividade, o economista Reinaldo Gonçalves, professor titular da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, publica um trabalho em que pretende demonstrar que, ao contrário do que seus seguidores defendem, o projeto econômico do governo Lula se caracteriza pelo que o economista chama de "Nacional Desenvolvimentismo às Avessas".
Ele classifica seu trabalho como uma crítica "aos analistas que identificam três traços distintivos do Governo Lula: a realização de grandes transformações; a reversão de tendências estruturais; e a predominância da visão desenvolvimentista nas políticas a partir de 2005".
Para Gonçalves, o que se constata claramente é: desindustrialização, aumento das importações (que chama de "desubstituição de importações"); reprimarização das exportações; maior dependência tecnológica; maior desnacionalização quando se desconta a expansão das três maiores empresas do país ligadas à exploração de recursos naturais (Petrobras, BR Distribuidora e Vale); crescente vulnerabilidade externa estrutural em função do aumento do passivo externo; e crescente dominação financeira, expressa na subordinação da política de desenvolvimento à política monetária focada no controle da inflação.
Ele dividiu o estudo em seis partes:
Estrutura produtiva: Desindustrialização e desubstituição de importações
A participação da indústria de transformação no PIB reduz-se de 18% em 2002 para 16% em 2010. Neste período, a taxa de crescimento real do valor adicionado da mineração é de 5,5%; da agropecuária, 3,2%, e da indústria de transformação, 2,7%. "Os diferenciais entre estas taxas de crescimento informam um processo de desindustrialização da economia brasileira no Governo Lula", afirma.
O processo de desindustrialização é acompanhado pela desubstituição de importações. Segundo o estudo, o coeficiente de penetração das importações aumenta, de forma praticamente contínua, de 11,9% em 2002 a 18,2% em 2008.
Padrão de comércio: Reprimarização das exportações
No Nacional Desenvolvimentismo, a mudança do padrão de comércio significa menor dependência em relação às exportações de commodities. Ao contrário, mostra o estudo de Gonçalves, no Brasil de Lula a participação dos produtos manufaturados no valor das exportações mostra clara e forte tendência de queda (56,8% em 2002 para 45,6% em 2010), enquanto há tendência igualmente clara e forte de aumento da participação dos produtos básicos (25,5% em 2002 para 38,5% em 2010).
Progresso técnico: Dependência tecnológica
No Governo Lula, verifica-se também o processo de maior dependência tecnológica. O indicador usado é a relação entre as despesas com importações de bens e serviços intensivos em tecnologia, e os gastos de ciência e tecnologia, que aumenta de 208% em 2002 para 416% em 2010. "Ou seja, há duplicação do grau de dependência tecnológica".
O chamado "déficit tecnológico", a diferença entre o valor das importações de bens altamente intensivos em tecnologia e maior valor agregado e dos serviços tecnológicos e o valor das exportações destes bens e serviços, aumentou significativamente, de US$15,4 bilhões em 2002 para US$84,9 bilhões em 2010.
Estrutura de propriedade: Desnacionalização
No Nacional Desenvolvimentismo, há preferência revelada pelo capital nacional, público ou privado, com o objetivo de reduzir a vulnerabilidade externa. No Governo Lula, se descontada a grande influência das três maiores empresas (Petrobras, BR Distribuidora e Vale), teremos uma boa idéia do grau de desnacionalização da economia brasileira, segundo Gonçalves.
O trabalho mostra que houve aumento da participação das empresas estrangeiras no valor das 497 maiores empresas no país: 47,8% em 2002 e 48,5% em 2010.
O autor admite, no entanto, que são mudanças "pouco expressivas" quando se considera o período de oito anos do Governo Lula..
Vulnerabilidade externa estrutural: Passivo externo crescente
No Governo Lula há aumento significativo do passivo externo total do país, que passa de US$343 bilhões no final de 2002 para US$1,294 trilhão no final de 2010.
O passivo externo aumenta de US$260 bilhões em 2002 para US$916 bilhões em 2010. Considerando as reservas internacionais de US$300 bilhões, "verifica-se que o passivo externo financeiro do país é 3 vezes o valor das reservas no final de 2010".
O saldo da conta de transações correntes em relação ao PIB mostra nítida tendência de queda a partir de 2005, e torna-se negativo a partir de 2008. As projeções do FMI apontam que o Brasil deverá experimentar recorrentes déficits de transações correntes do balanço de pagamentos - de 3,0% a 3,5% -, que crescerão de US$60 bilhões em 2011 para US$120 bilhões em 2016.
Política econômica: Dominação financeira
No Governo Lula a taxa média de rentabilidade dos 50 maiores bancos é sempre superior à das 500 maiores empresas.
De 2003 a 2010, a taxa média de rentabilidade das maiores empresas é de 11% e a taxa dos bancos é 17,5%.
"Além do abuso do poder econômico, os bancos se beneficiam da política monetária restritiva caracterizada por elevadas taxas de juro", analisa Reinaldo Gonçalves.
Temas de relações internacionais, de política externa e de diplomacia brasileira, com ênfase em políticas econômicas, viagens, livros e cultura em geral. Um quilombo de resistência intelectual em defesa da racionalidade, da inteligência e das liberdades democráticas. Ver também minha página: www.pralmeida.net (em construção).
domingo, 7 de agosto de 2011
Imprensa 4 x Governo 0; governo continua sendo comandado pela imprensa
Sem palavras (e precisa?).
Depois da Casa Civil e dos transportes, a agricultura, não aquela que coloca comida nas nossas casas, claro, mas aquela que coloca verdinhas nas contas de certas pessoas.
Bem, estou esperando 6 a zero para a imprensa, ainda este ano.
Querem apostar?
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Depois da Casa Civil e dos transportes, a agricultura, não aquela que coloca comida nas nossas casas, claro, mas aquela que coloca verdinhas nas contas de certas pessoas.
Bem, estou esperando 6 a zero para a imprensa, ainda este ano.
Querem apostar?
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
sábado, 6 de agosto de 2011
O socialismo e a inteligencia: uma contradicao nos termos? - Paulo R Almeida
O trabalho publicado mais recente:
Pode uma pessoa inteligente pretender-se comunista, hoje em dia?; Reflexões sobre um paradoxo acadêmico brasileiro
Brasília, 2 agosto 2011, 13 p.
Crítica às crenças fundamentalistas do socialismo marxista na substituição de um modo de produção resultante de processos sociais incontrolados e impessoais, como o capitalismo, por um outro, concebido de maneira ideológica e pretendendo operar um exercício de engenharia social com base em premissas equivocadas e pressupostos equivocados sobre o funcionamento de uma economia de mercado.
Revista Espaço Acadêmico (ano 11, n. 123, agosto 2011, p. 125-136; link: http://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/EspacoAcademico/article/view/14334/7601).
Relação de Originais n. 2292; Publicados n. 1042.
Pode uma pessoa inteligente pretender-se comunista, hoje em dia?; Reflexões sobre um paradoxo acadêmico brasileiro
Brasília, 2 agosto 2011, 13 p.
Crítica às crenças fundamentalistas do socialismo marxista na substituição de um modo de produção resultante de processos sociais incontrolados e impessoais, como o capitalismo, por um outro, concebido de maneira ideológica e pretendendo operar um exercício de engenharia social com base em premissas equivocadas e pressupostos equivocados sobre o funcionamento de uma economia de mercado.
Revista Espaço Acadêmico (ano 11, n. 123, agosto 2011, p. 125-136; link: http://www.periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/EspacoAcademico/article/view/14334/7601).
Relação de Originais n. 2292; Publicados n. 1042.
Hiroshima: a promessa, a ilusao e a realidade...
O apelo do primeiro-ministro do Japão não tem nenhum sentido econômico, nem sentido estratégico, nem corresponde a qualquer gesto que venha a ser feito no terreno das possibilidades históricas concretas.
Não haverá renúncia à energia nuclear, até que um equivalente funcional -- talvez fusão nuclear -- seja descoberto, na medida em que o mundo não pode dispensar uma fonte de energia já testada como esta (a menos que o mundo tenha outras fontes abundantes de energia renovável, ou fósseis não poluentes). O Japão, como a Alemanha, pode até dispensar o seu uso, mas precisará importar energia fóssil (petróleo, gás), ou energia nuclear da vizinha China (que constrói reatores às dezenas), como a Alemanha vai ser obrigada a fazer, ou seja, importar energia nuclear da vizinha França ou de outros países da região.
Quanto à abolição das armas nucleares, apenas os ingênuos acreditam ser isso possível. Pode até ser que, num futuro muito distante, a comunidade internacional se ponha de acordo, efetivamente, sobre um tratado de não-uso de armas nucleares, mas não acredito ser possível um banimento e desaparecimento da arma nuclear. O mundo terá de evoluir muito para que isto seja teoricamente possível.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Hiroshima hears PM's nuke-free call
Agencies, Aug 7, 2011
A man stands in a river helping people releasing paper lanterns to remember victims of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 66 years ago yesterday.
PRIME Minister Naoto Kan yesterday took his campaign against nuclear energy in Japan to Hiroshima, which 66 years ago became the world's first victim of an atomic bomb.
It marks a change of tack in a country that has until now carefully avoided linking its fast growing, and now discredited, nuclear power industry to its trauma as the only country to have been attacked with atomic bombs.
Kan, speaking at an anniversary ceremony for victims of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, repeated that the world's worst nuclear crisis in 25 years at Fukushima after a March earthquake convinced him Japan should end its dependence on nuclear power.
The damage from the earthquake and subsequent tsunami at the Fukushima nuclear plant, which the authorities are still trying to bring under control, has led to widespread calls for an end to reliance on nuclear power in the quake-prone country.
"I will deeply reflect on nuclear power's 'myth of safety,' investigate thoroughly the causes of the accident and fundamental measures to secure safety, as well as reduce the dependence on nuclear power plants and aim for a society that does not depend on nuclear power plants," Kan said.
Kazumi Matsui, Hiroshima's mayor and the son of an atomic bomb survivor, also pressed Tokyo to act after the Fukushima crisis traumatised the public. "The Japanese government should sincerely accept this reality and review its energy policy quickly," he said.
Questioned policy
It was the first time in decades that any Hiroshima mayor had questioned Japan's policy of developing nuclear energy during the annual ceremony, in which tens of thousands observed a minute of silence as the peace bell tolled.
Matsui said it was heartbreaking to see the devastation left by the March 11 quake and tsunami on the northeast coast and how it resembled what was left of Hiroshima after the bombing.
A US warplane dropped the atomic bomb on the western city on August 6, 1945 in the closing days of the Second World War. The death toll by the end of the year was estimated at about 140,000, out of the total 350,000 who lived there at the time.
A second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9. Japan surrendered six days later.
Prior to the Fukushima crisis, nuclear energy accounted for nearly a third of Japan's energy supply. But since the March 11 quake and tsunami triggered radiation leaks at Tokyo Electric Power Co's Fukushima plant 240km (150 miles) northeast of Tokyo, public sentiment has shifted.
"We hadn't thought so deeply about it until now. But I think it (nuclear plant) is not so different from the atomic bomb," said Michiko Kato, a 73-year-old survivor who lost her sister to the bomb.
Unpopular Kan, who has said he will resign without clarifying when, has seized the shift in the public mood and is calling for an overhaul of Japan's energy policy. About 70 percent of voters back his vision, a recent poll showed.
But it remains unclear what will happen to his vision after he resigns.
Não haverá renúncia à energia nuclear, até que um equivalente funcional -- talvez fusão nuclear -- seja descoberto, na medida em que o mundo não pode dispensar uma fonte de energia já testada como esta (a menos que o mundo tenha outras fontes abundantes de energia renovável, ou fósseis não poluentes). O Japão, como a Alemanha, pode até dispensar o seu uso, mas precisará importar energia fóssil (petróleo, gás), ou energia nuclear da vizinha China (que constrói reatores às dezenas), como a Alemanha vai ser obrigada a fazer, ou seja, importar energia nuclear da vizinha França ou de outros países da região.
Quanto à abolição das armas nucleares, apenas os ingênuos acreditam ser isso possível. Pode até ser que, num futuro muito distante, a comunidade internacional se ponha de acordo, efetivamente, sobre um tratado de não-uso de armas nucleares, mas não acredito ser possível um banimento e desaparecimento da arma nuclear. O mundo terá de evoluir muito para que isto seja teoricamente possível.
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Hiroshima hears PM's nuke-free call
Agencies, Aug 7, 2011
A man stands in a river helping people releasing paper lanterns to remember victims of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 66 years ago yesterday.
PRIME Minister Naoto Kan yesterday took his campaign against nuclear energy in Japan to Hiroshima, which 66 years ago became the world's first victim of an atomic bomb.
It marks a change of tack in a country that has until now carefully avoided linking its fast growing, and now discredited, nuclear power industry to its trauma as the only country to have been attacked with atomic bombs.
Kan, speaking at an anniversary ceremony for victims of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima, repeated that the world's worst nuclear crisis in 25 years at Fukushima after a March earthquake convinced him Japan should end its dependence on nuclear power.
The damage from the earthquake and subsequent tsunami at the Fukushima nuclear plant, which the authorities are still trying to bring under control, has led to widespread calls for an end to reliance on nuclear power in the quake-prone country.
"I will deeply reflect on nuclear power's 'myth of safety,' investigate thoroughly the causes of the accident and fundamental measures to secure safety, as well as reduce the dependence on nuclear power plants and aim for a society that does not depend on nuclear power plants," Kan said.
Kazumi Matsui, Hiroshima's mayor and the son of an atomic bomb survivor, also pressed Tokyo to act after the Fukushima crisis traumatised the public. "The Japanese government should sincerely accept this reality and review its energy policy quickly," he said.
Questioned policy
It was the first time in decades that any Hiroshima mayor had questioned Japan's policy of developing nuclear energy during the annual ceremony, in which tens of thousands observed a minute of silence as the peace bell tolled.
Matsui said it was heartbreaking to see the devastation left by the March 11 quake and tsunami on the northeast coast and how it resembled what was left of Hiroshima after the bombing.
A US warplane dropped the atomic bomb on the western city on August 6, 1945 in the closing days of the Second World War. The death toll by the end of the year was estimated at about 140,000, out of the total 350,000 who lived there at the time.
A second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9. Japan surrendered six days later.
Prior to the Fukushima crisis, nuclear energy accounted for nearly a third of Japan's energy supply. But since the March 11 quake and tsunami triggered radiation leaks at Tokyo Electric Power Co's Fukushima plant 240km (150 miles) northeast of Tokyo, public sentiment has shifted.
"We hadn't thought so deeply about it until now. But I think it (nuclear plant) is not so different from the atomic bomb," said Michiko Kato, a 73-year-old survivor who lost her sister to the bomb.
Unpopular Kan, who has said he will resign without clarifying when, has seized the shift in the public mood and is calling for an overhaul of Japan's energy policy. About 70 percent of voters back his vision, a recent poll showed.
But it remains unclear what will happen to his vision after he resigns.
Um triste aniversario em 6 de Agosto: Hiroshima
Mas, contrariamente ao que muita gente crê, Hiroshima, por mais cínico e cruel que possa parecer, "poupou" vidas, ao abreviar o final da guerra.
A continuidade da guerra, em bases convencionais, e a invasão do Japão, ilha por ilha, contra soldados e até uma população que não pretendiam render-se sem ordem ou permissão do imperador, teriam custado, provavelmente, duas vezes mais vidas do que o alcançado com Hiroshima e Nagasaki, inclusive mais vidas americanas...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
On This Day: August 6
The New York Times
On Aug. 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, that instantly killed an estimated 66,000 people in the first use of a nuclear weapon in warfare.
First Atomic Bomb Dropped on Japan; Missile Is Equal to 20,000 Tons of TNT; Truman Warns Foe of a 'Rain of Ruin'
NEW AGE USHERED
Day of Atomic Energy Hailed by President, Revealing Weapon
HIROSHIMA IS TARGET
'Impenetrable' Cloud of Dust Hides City After Single Bomb Strikes
By SIDNEY SHALETT
Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES
Washington, Aug. 6 -- The White House and War Department announced today that an atomic bomb, possessing more power than 20,000 tons of TNT, a destructive force equal to the load of 2,000 B-29's and more than 2,000 times the blast power of what previously was the world's most devastating bomb, had been dropped on Japan.
The announcement, first given to the world in utmost solemnity by President Truman, made it plain that one of the scientific landmarks of the century had been passed, and that the "age of atomic energy," which can be a tremendous force for the advancement of civilization as well as for destruction, was at hand.
At 10:45 o'clock this morning, a statement by the President was issued at the White House that sixteen hours earlier- about the time that citizens on the Eastern seaboard were sitting down to their Sunday suppers- an American plane had dropped the single atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, an important army center.
Japanese Solemnly Warned
What happened at Hiroshima is not yet known. The War Department said it "as yet was unable to make an accurate report" because "an impenetrable cloud of dust and smoke" masked the target area from reconnaissance planes. The Secretary of War will release the story "as soon as accurate details of the results of the bombing become available."
But in a statement vividly describing the results of the first test of the atomic bomb in New Mexico, the War-Department told how an immense steel tower had been "vaporized" by the tremendous explosion, how a 40,000-foot cloud rushed into the sky, and two observers were knocked down at a point 10,000 yards away. And President Truman solemnly warned:
"It was to spare the Japanese people from utter destruction that the ultimatum of July 26, was issued at Potsdam. Their leaders promptly rejected that ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth."
Most Closely Guarded Secret
The President referred to the joint statement issued by the heads of the American, British and Chinese Governments in which terms of surrender were outlined to the Japanese and warning given that rejection would mean complete destruction of Japan's power to make war.
[The atomic bomb weighs about 400 pounds and is capable of utterly destroying a town, a representative of the British Ministry of Aircraft Production said in London, the United Press reported.]
What is this terrible new weapon, which the War Department also calls the "Cosmic Bomb"? It is the harnessing of the energy of the atom, which is the basic power of the universe. As President Truman said, "The force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against those who brought war to the Far East."
"Atomic fission" - in other words, the scientists' long-held dream of splitting the atom- is the secret of the atomic bomb. Uranium, a rare, heavy metallic element, which is radioactive and akin to radium, is the source essential to its production. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, in a statement closely following that of the President, promised that "steps have been taken, to assure us of adequate supplies of this mineral."
The imagination-sweeping experiment in harnessing the power of the atom has been the most closely guarded secret of the war. America to date has spent nearly $2,000,000,000 in advancing its research. Since 1939, American, British and Canadian scientists have worked on it. The experiments have been conducted in the United States, both for reasons of achieving concentrated efficiency and for security; the consequences of having the material fall into the hands of the enemy, in case Great Britain should have been successfully invaded, were too awful for the Allies to risk.
All along, it has been a race with the enemy. Ironically enough, Germany started the experiments, but we finished them. Germany made the mistake of expelling, because she was a "non-Aryan," a woman scientist who held one of the keys to the mystery, and she made her knowledge available to those who brought it to the United States. Germany never quite mastered the riddle, and the United States, Secretary Stimson declared, is "convinced that Japan will not be in a position to use an atomic bomb in this war."
A Sobering Awareness of Power
Not the slightest spirit of braggadocio is discernible either in the wording of the official announcements or in the mien of the officials who gave out the news. There was an element of elation in the realization that we had perfected this devastating weapon for employment against an enemy who started the war and has told us she would rather be destroyed than surrender, but it was grim elation. There was sobering awareness of the tremendous responsibility involved.
Secretary Stimson said that this new weapon "should prove a tremendous aid in the shortening of the war against Japan," and there were other responsible officials who privately thought that this was an extreme understatement, and that Japan might find herself unable to stay in the war under the coming rain of atom bombs.
It was obvious that officials at the highest levels made the important decision to release news of the atomic bomb because of the psychological effect it may have in forcing Japan to surrender. However, there are some officials who feel privately it might have been well to keep this completely secret. Their opinion can be summed up in the comment by one spokesman: "Why bother with psychological warfare against an enemy that laready is beaten and hasnt't sense enough to quit and save herself from utter doom?"
The first news came from President Truman's office. Newsmen were summoned and the historic statement from the Chief Executive,who still is on the high seas, was given to them.
"That bomb," Mr. Truman said, "had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. It had more than 2,000 times the blast power of the British 'Grand Slam,' which is the largest bomb (22,000 pounds) ever yet used in the history of warfare."
Explosive Charge Is Small
No details were given on the plane that carried the bomb. Nor was it stated whether the bomb was large or small. The President, however, said the explosive charge was "exceedingly small." It is known that tremendous force is packed into tiny quantities of the element that constitutes these bombs. Scientists, looking to the peacetime uses of atomic power, envisage submarines, ocean liners and planes traveling around the world on a few pounds of the element. Yet, for various reasons, the bomb used against Japan could have been extremely large.
Hiroshima, first city on earth to be the target of the "Cosmic Bomb," is a city of 318,000, which is- or was- a major quartermaster depot and port of embarkation for the Japanese. In addition to large military supply depots, it manufactured ordinance, mainly large guns and tanks, and machine tools, and aircraft-ordinance parts.
President Truman grimly told the Japanese that "the end is not yet."
"In their present form these bombs are now in production," he said, "and even more powerful forms are in development."
He sketched the story of how the late President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill agreed that it was wise to concentrate research in America, and how great secret cities sprang up in this country, where, at one time, 125,000 men and women labored to harness the atom. Even today more than 65,000 workers are employed.
"What has been done," he said, "is the greatest achievement of organized science in history.
"We are now prepared to obliterate more rapidly and completely every productive and enterprise the Japanese have above ground in any city. We shall destroy Japan's power to make war."
The President emphasized that the atomic discoveries were so important, both for the war and for the peace, that he would recommend to Congress that it consider promptly establishing "an appropriate commission to control the production and use of atomic power within the United States."
"I shall give further consideration and make further recommendations to the Congress as to how atomic power can become a powerful and forceful influence toward the maintenance of world peace," he said.
Secretary Stimson called the atomic bomb "the culmination of years of herculean effort on the part of science and industry, working in cooperation with the military authorities." He promised that "improvements will be forthcoming shortly which will increase by several fold the present effectiveness."
"But more important for the long-range implications of this new weapn," he said, "is the possiblity that another scale of magnitude will be developed after considerable research and development. The scientists are confident that over a period of many years atomic bombs may well be developed which will be very much more powerful than the atomic bombs now at hand."
Investigation Started in 1939
It was late in 1939 that President Roosevelt appointed a commission to investigate use of atomic energy for military purposes. Until then only small-scale research with Navy funds had taken place. The program went into high gear.
By the end of 1941 the project was put under direction of a group of eminent American scientists in the Office of Scientific Research and Development, under Dr. Vanever Bush, who reported directly to Mr. Roosevelt. The President also appointed a General Policy Group, consisting of former Vice President Henry A. Wallace, Secretary Stimson, Gen. George C. Marshall, Dr. James B. Conant, president of Harvard, and Dr. Bush. In June 1942, this group recommended vast expansion of the work transfer of the major part of the program to the War Department.
Maj. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, a native of Albany, N. Y., and a 48-year-old graduate of the 1918 class at West Point, was appointed by Mr. Stimson to take complete executive chargeof the program. General Groves, an engineer, holding the permanent Army rank of lieutenant colonel, received the highest praise from the War Department for the way he "fitted together the multifarious pieces of the vast, country-wide jigsaw," and, at the same time, organized the virtually air-tight security system that kept the project a secret.
A military policy committee also was appointed, consisting of Dr. Bush, chairman; Dr. Conant, Lieut. Gen. Wilhelm D. Styer and Rear Admiral William R. Purnell.
In December, 1942, the decision was made to proceed with construction of large-scale plants. Two are situated at the Clinton Engineer Works in Tennessee and a third at the Hanaford Engineer Works in the State of Washington.
These plants were amazing phenomena in themselves. They grew into large, self-sustaining cities, employing thousands upon thousands of workers. Yet, so close was the secrecy that not only were the citizens of the area kept in darkness about the nature of the project, but the workers themselves had only the sketchiest ideas- if any- as to what they were doing. This was accomplished Mr. Stimson said, by "compartmentalizing" the work so "that no one has been given more information than was absolutely necessary to his particular job."
The Tennessee reservation consists of 59,000 acres, eighteen miles west of Knoxville, it is known as Oak Ridge and has become a modern small city of 78,000, fifth largest in Tennessee.
In the State of Washington the Government has 430,000 acres in an isolated area, fifteen miles northwest of Pasco. The settlement there, which now has a population of 17,000, consisting of plant operators and their immediate families, is known as Richmond.
A special laboratory also has been set up near Santa Fe, N. M., under direction of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer of the University of California, Dr. Oppenheimer also supervised the first test of the atomic bomb on July 16, 1945. This took place in a remote section of the New Mexico desert lands, with a group of eminent scientists gathered, frankly fearful to witness the results of the invention, which might turn out to be either the salvation or the Frankenstein's monster of the world.
Mr. Stimson also gave full credit to the many industrial corporations and educational institutions which worked witht he War Department in bringing this titanic undertaking to fruition.
In August, 1943, a combined policy committee was appointed, consisting of Secretary Stimson, Drs. Bush and Conant for the United States; the late Field Marshall Sir John Dill (now replaced by Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson) and Col. J. J. Llewellin (since replaced by Sir Ronald Campbell), for the United Kingdom, and C. D. Howe for Canada.
"Atomic fission holds great promise for sweeping developements by which our civilization may be enriched when peace comes, but the overriding necessities of war have precluded the full exploration of peacetime applications of this new knowledge," Mr. Stimson said. "However, it appears inevitable that many useful contributions to the well-being of mankind will ultimately flow from these discoveries when the world situation makes it posssible for science and industry to concentrate on these aspects."
Although warning that many economic factors willhave to be considered "before we can say to wha t extent atomic energy will supplement coal; oil and water as fundamental sources of power," Mr. Stimson acknowledged that "we are at the threshold of a new industrial art which will take many years and much expenditures of money to develop."
The Secretary of War disclosed that he had appointed an interim committee to study post-war control and development of atomic energy. Mr. Stimson is serving as chairman, and other members include James F. Byrnes, Secretary of State; Ralph A. Bard, former Under-Secretary of the Navy; William L. Clayton, Assistant Secreatry of State; Dr. Bush, Dr. Conant, Dr. Carl T. Compton, chief of the Office of Field Service in OSRD and president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and George L. Harrison, special consultant to the Secretary of War and president of the New York Life Insurance Company. Mr. Harrison is alternate chairman of the committee.
The committee also has the assistance of an advisory group of some of the country's leading physicists including Dr. Oppenheimer, Dr. E. O. Lawrence, Dr. A. H. Compton and Dr. Enrico Fermi.
The War Department gave this supplementary background on the development of the atomic bomb.
"The series of discoveries which led to developemnt of the atomic bomb started at the turn of the century when radioactivity became known to science. Prior to 1939 the scientific work in this field was world-wide, but more particularly so in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Denmark. One of Denmark's great scientists, Dr. Neils Bohr, a Nobel Prize winner, was whisked from the grasp of the Nazis in his occupied homeland and later assisted in developing the atomic bomb.
"It is known that Germany worked desperately to solve the problem of controlling atomic energy."
RELATED HEADLINES
Report by Britain: 'By God's Mercy' We Beat Nazis to Bomb, Churchill Says: Roosevelt Aid Cited: Raiders Wrecked Norse Laboratory in Race for Key to Victory
Steel Tower 'Vaporized' in Trial of Mighty Bomb: Scientists Awe-Struck as Blinding Flash Lighted New Mexico Desert and Great Cloud Bore 40,000 Feet Into Sky
Trains Canceled in Stricken Area: Traffic Around Hiroshima Is Disrupted -- Japanese Still Sift Havoc by Split Atoms
Atom Bombs Made in 3 Hidden 'Cities': Secrecy on Weapon So Great That Not Even Workers Knew of Their Product
Reich Exile Emerges as Heroine in Denial to Nazis of Atom's Secret
OTHER HEADLINES
Hiram W. Johnson, Republican Dean in the Senate, Dies: Isolationist Helped Prevent U.S. Entry Into League -- Opposed World Charter: California Ex-Governor Ran for Vice President With Theodore Roosevelt in '12 -- In Washington Since '17
Jet Plane Explosion Kills Major Bong, Top U.S. Ace: Flier Who Downed 40 Japanese Craft, Sent Home to Be 'Safe,' Was Flying New 'Shooting Star' as a Test Pilot
Kyushu City Razed: Kenney's Planes Blast Tarumizu in Reord Blow From Okinawa, Rocket Site Is Seen, 125 B-29's Hit Japan's Toyokawa Naval Arsenal in Demolition Strike
Morris Is Accused of 'Taking a Walk': Fusion Official 'Sad to Part Company' -- McGoldrick Sees Only Tammany Aided
Chinese Win More of 'Invasion Coast': Smash Into Port 121 Miles Southwest of Canton -- Big Area Open for Landing
Turks Talk War if Russia Presses; Prefer Vain Battle to Surrender
A continuidade da guerra, em bases convencionais, e a invasão do Japão, ilha por ilha, contra soldados e até uma população que não pretendiam render-se sem ordem ou permissão do imperador, teriam custado, provavelmente, duas vezes mais vidas do que o alcançado com Hiroshima e Nagasaki, inclusive mais vidas americanas...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
On This Day: August 6
The New York Times
On Aug. 6, 1945, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, that instantly killed an estimated 66,000 people in the first use of a nuclear weapon in warfare.
First Atomic Bomb Dropped on Japan; Missile Is Equal to 20,000 Tons of TNT; Truman Warns Foe of a 'Rain of Ruin'
NEW AGE USHERED
Day of Atomic Energy Hailed by President, Revealing Weapon
HIROSHIMA IS TARGET
'Impenetrable' Cloud of Dust Hides City After Single Bomb Strikes
By SIDNEY SHALETT
Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES
Washington, Aug. 6 -- The White House and War Department announced today that an atomic bomb, possessing more power than 20,000 tons of TNT, a destructive force equal to the load of 2,000 B-29's and more than 2,000 times the blast power of what previously was the world's most devastating bomb, had been dropped on Japan.
The announcement, first given to the world in utmost solemnity by President Truman, made it plain that one of the scientific landmarks of the century had been passed, and that the "age of atomic energy," which can be a tremendous force for the advancement of civilization as well as for destruction, was at hand.
At 10:45 o'clock this morning, a statement by the President was issued at the White House that sixteen hours earlier- about the time that citizens on the Eastern seaboard were sitting down to their Sunday suppers- an American plane had dropped the single atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima, an important army center.
Japanese Solemnly Warned
What happened at Hiroshima is not yet known. The War Department said it "as yet was unable to make an accurate report" because "an impenetrable cloud of dust and smoke" masked the target area from reconnaissance planes. The Secretary of War will release the story "as soon as accurate details of the results of the bombing become available."
But in a statement vividly describing the results of the first test of the atomic bomb in New Mexico, the War-Department told how an immense steel tower had been "vaporized" by the tremendous explosion, how a 40,000-foot cloud rushed into the sky, and two observers were knocked down at a point 10,000 yards away. And President Truman solemnly warned:
"It was to spare the Japanese people from utter destruction that the ultimatum of July 26, was issued at Potsdam. Their leaders promptly rejected that ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air the like of which has never been seen on this earth."
Most Closely Guarded Secret
The President referred to the joint statement issued by the heads of the American, British and Chinese Governments in which terms of surrender were outlined to the Japanese and warning given that rejection would mean complete destruction of Japan's power to make war.
[The atomic bomb weighs about 400 pounds and is capable of utterly destroying a town, a representative of the British Ministry of Aircraft Production said in London, the United Press reported.]
What is this terrible new weapon, which the War Department also calls the "Cosmic Bomb"? It is the harnessing of the energy of the atom, which is the basic power of the universe. As President Truman said, "The force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against those who brought war to the Far East."
"Atomic fission" - in other words, the scientists' long-held dream of splitting the atom- is the secret of the atomic bomb. Uranium, a rare, heavy metallic element, which is radioactive and akin to radium, is the source essential to its production. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson, in a statement closely following that of the President, promised that "steps have been taken, to assure us of adequate supplies of this mineral."
The imagination-sweeping experiment in harnessing the power of the atom has been the most closely guarded secret of the war. America to date has spent nearly $2,000,000,000 in advancing its research. Since 1939, American, British and Canadian scientists have worked on it. The experiments have been conducted in the United States, both for reasons of achieving concentrated efficiency and for security; the consequences of having the material fall into the hands of the enemy, in case Great Britain should have been successfully invaded, were too awful for the Allies to risk.
All along, it has been a race with the enemy. Ironically enough, Germany started the experiments, but we finished them. Germany made the mistake of expelling, because she was a "non-Aryan," a woman scientist who held one of the keys to the mystery, and she made her knowledge available to those who brought it to the United States. Germany never quite mastered the riddle, and the United States, Secretary Stimson declared, is "convinced that Japan will not be in a position to use an atomic bomb in this war."
A Sobering Awareness of Power
Not the slightest spirit of braggadocio is discernible either in the wording of the official announcements or in the mien of the officials who gave out the news. There was an element of elation in the realization that we had perfected this devastating weapon for employment against an enemy who started the war and has told us she would rather be destroyed than surrender, but it was grim elation. There was sobering awareness of the tremendous responsibility involved.
Secretary Stimson said that this new weapon "should prove a tremendous aid in the shortening of the war against Japan," and there were other responsible officials who privately thought that this was an extreme understatement, and that Japan might find herself unable to stay in the war under the coming rain of atom bombs.
It was obvious that officials at the highest levels made the important decision to release news of the atomic bomb because of the psychological effect it may have in forcing Japan to surrender. However, there are some officials who feel privately it might have been well to keep this completely secret. Their opinion can be summed up in the comment by one spokesman: "Why bother with psychological warfare against an enemy that laready is beaten and hasnt't sense enough to quit and save herself from utter doom?"
The first news came from President Truman's office. Newsmen were summoned and the historic statement from the Chief Executive,who still is on the high seas, was given to them.
"That bomb," Mr. Truman said, "had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. It had more than 2,000 times the blast power of the British 'Grand Slam,' which is the largest bomb (22,000 pounds) ever yet used in the history of warfare."
Explosive Charge Is Small
No details were given on the plane that carried the bomb. Nor was it stated whether the bomb was large or small. The President, however, said the explosive charge was "exceedingly small." It is known that tremendous force is packed into tiny quantities of the element that constitutes these bombs. Scientists, looking to the peacetime uses of atomic power, envisage submarines, ocean liners and planes traveling around the world on a few pounds of the element. Yet, for various reasons, the bomb used against Japan could have been extremely large.
Hiroshima, first city on earth to be the target of the "Cosmic Bomb," is a city of 318,000, which is- or was- a major quartermaster depot and port of embarkation for the Japanese. In addition to large military supply depots, it manufactured ordinance, mainly large guns and tanks, and machine tools, and aircraft-ordinance parts.
President Truman grimly told the Japanese that "the end is not yet."
"In their present form these bombs are now in production," he said, "and even more powerful forms are in development."
He sketched the story of how the late President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill agreed that it was wise to concentrate research in America, and how great secret cities sprang up in this country, where, at one time, 125,000 men and women labored to harness the atom. Even today more than 65,000 workers are employed.
"What has been done," he said, "is the greatest achievement of organized science in history.
"We are now prepared to obliterate more rapidly and completely every productive and enterprise the Japanese have above ground in any city. We shall destroy Japan's power to make war."
The President emphasized that the atomic discoveries were so important, both for the war and for the peace, that he would recommend to Congress that it consider promptly establishing "an appropriate commission to control the production and use of atomic power within the United States."
"I shall give further consideration and make further recommendations to the Congress as to how atomic power can become a powerful and forceful influence toward the maintenance of world peace," he said.
Secretary Stimson called the atomic bomb "the culmination of years of herculean effort on the part of science and industry, working in cooperation with the military authorities." He promised that "improvements will be forthcoming shortly which will increase by several fold the present effectiveness."
"But more important for the long-range implications of this new weapn," he said, "is the possiblity that another scale of magnitude will be developed after considerable research and development. The scientists are confident that over a period of many years atomic bombs may well be developed which will be very much more powerful than the atomic bombs now at hand."
Investigation Started in 1939
It was late in 1939 that President Roosevelt appointed a commission to investigate use of atomic energy for military purposes. Until then only small-scale research with Navy funds had taken place. The program went into high gear.
By the end of 1941 the project was put under direction of a group of eminent American scientists in the Office of Scientific Research and Development, under Dr. Vanever Bush, who reported directly to Mr. Roosevelt. The President also appointed a General Policy Group, consisting of former Vice President Henry A. Wallace, Secretary Stimson, Gen. George C. Marshall, Dr. James B. Conant, president of Harvard, and Dr. Bush. In June 1942, this group recommended vast expansion of the work transfer of the major part of the program to the War Department.
Maj. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, a native of Albany, N. Y., and a 48-year-old graduate of the 1918 class at West Point, was appointed by Mr. Stimson to take complete executive chargeof the program. General Groves, an engineer, holding the permanent Army rank of lieutenant colonel, received the highest praise from the War Department for the way he "fitted together the multifarious pieces of the vast, country-wide jigsaw," and, at the same time, organized the virtually air-tight security system that kept the project a secret.
A military policy committee also was appointed, consisting of Dr. Bush, chairman; Dr. Conant, Lieut. Gen. Wilhelm D. Styer and Rear Admiral William R. Purnell.
In December, 1942, the decision was made to proceed with construction of large-scale plants. Two are situated at the Clinton Engineer Works in Tennessee and a third at the Hanaford Engineer Works in the State of Washington.
These plants were amazing phenomena in themselves. They grew into large, self-sustaining cities, employing thousands upon thousands of workers. Yet, so close was the secrecy that not only were the citizens of the area kept in darkness about the nature of the project, but the workers themselves had only the sketchiest ideas- if any- as to what they were doing. This was accomplished Mr. Stimson said, by "compartmentalizing" the work so "that no one has been given more information than was absolutely necessary to his particular job."
The Tennessee reservation consists of 59,000 acres, eighteen miles west of Knoxville, it is known as Oak Ridge and has become a modern small city of 78,000, fifth largest in Tennessee.
In the State of Washington the Government has 430,000 acres in an isolated area, fifteen miles northwest of Pasco. The settlement there, which now has a population of 17,000, consisting of plant operators and their immediate families, is known as Richmond.
A special laboratory also has been set up near Santa Fe, N. M., under direction of Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer of the University of California, Dr. Oppenheimer also supervised the first test of the atomic bomb on July 16, 1945. This took place in a remote section of the New Mexico desert lands, with a group of eminent scientists gathered, frankly fearful to witness the results of the invention, which might turn out to be either the salvation or the Frankenstein's monster of the world.
Mr. Stimson also gave full credit to the many industrial corporations and educational institutions which worked witht he War Department in bringing this titanic undertaking to fruition.
In August, 1943, a combined policy committee was appointed, consisting of Secretary Stimson, Drs. Bush and Conant for the United States; the late Field Marshall Sir John Dill (now replaced by Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson) and Col. J. J. Llewellin (since replaced by Sir Ronald Campbell), for the United Kingdom, and C. D. Howe for Canada.
"Atomic fission holds great promise for sweeping developements by which our civilization may be enriched when peace comes, but the overriding necessities of war have precluded the full exploration of peacetime applications of this new knowledge," Mr. Stimson said. "However, it appears inevitable that many useful contributions to the well-being of mankind will ultimately flow from these discoveries when the world situation makes it posssible for science and industry to concentrate on these aspects."
Although warning that many economic factors willhave to be considered "before we can say to wha t extent atomic energy will supplement coal; oil and water as fundamental sources of power," Mr. Stimson acknowledged that "we are at the threshold of a new industrial art which will take many years and much expenditures of money to develop."
The Secretary of War disclosed that he had appointed an interim committee to study post-war control and development of atomic energy. Mr. Stimson is serving as chairman, and other members include James F. Byrnes, Secretary of State; Ralph A. Bard, former Under-Secretary of the Navy; William L. Clayton, Assistant Secreatry of State; Dr. Bush, Dr. Conant, Dr. Carl T. Compton, chief of the Office of Field Service in OSRD and president of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and George L. Harrison, special consultant to the Secretary of War and president of the New York Life Insurance Company. Mr. Harrison is alternate chairman of the committee.
The committee also has the assistance of an advisory group of some of the country's leading physicists including Dr. Oppenheimer, Dr. E. O. Lawrence, Dr. A. H. Compton and Dr. Enrico Fermi.
The War Department gave this supplementary background on the development of the atomic bomb.
"The series of discoveries which led to developemnt of the atomic bomb started at the turn of the century when radioactivity became known to science. Prior to 1939 the scientific work in this field was world-wide, but more particularly so in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy and Denmark. One of Denmark's great scientists, Dr. Neils Bohr, a Nobel Prize winner, was whisked from the grasp of the Nazis in his occupied homeland and later assisted in developing the atomic bomb.
"It is known that Germany worked desperately to solve the problem of controlling atomic energy."
RELATED HEADLINES
Report by Britain: 'By God's Mercy' We Beat Nazis to Bomb, Churchill Says: Roosevelt Aid Cited: Raiders Wrecked Norse Laboratory in Race for Key to Victory
Steel Tower 'Vaporized' in Trial of Mighty Bomb: Scientists Awe-Struck as Blinding Flash Lighted New Mexico Desert and Great Cloud Bore 40,000 Feet Into Sky
Trains Canceled in Stricken Area: Traffic Around Hiroshima Is Disrupted -- Japanese Still Sift Havoc by Split Atoms
Atom Bombs Made in 3 Hidden 'Cities': Secrecy on Weapon So Great That Not Even Workers Knew of Their Product
Reich Exile Emerges as Heroine in Denial to Nazis of Atom's Secret
OTHER HEADLINES
Hiram W. Johnson, Republican Dean in the Senate, Dies: Isolationist Helped Prevent U.S. Entry Into League -- Opposed World Charter: California Ex-Governor Ran for Vice President With Theodore Roosevelt in '12 -- In Washington Since '17
Jet Plane Explosion Kills Major Bong, Top U.S. Ace: Flier Who Downed 40 Japanese Craft, Sent Home to Be 'Safe,' Was Flying New 'Shooting Star' as a Test Pilot
Kyushu City Razed: Kenney's Planes Blast Tarumizu in Reord Blow From Okinawa, Rocket Site Is Seen, 125 B-29's Hit Japan's Toyokawa Naval Arsenal in Demolition Strike
Morris Is Accused of 'Taking a Walk': Fusion Official 'Sad to Part Company' -- McGoldrick Sees Only Tammany Aided
Chinese Win More of 'Invasion Coast': Smash Into Port 121 Miles Southwest of Canton -- Big Area Open for Landing
Turks Talk War if Russia Presses; Prefer Vain Battle to Surrender
Amores e odios na Defesa: uma aposta na continuidade...
O comentarista abaixo parece ter certeza de que o novo ministro da Defesa não fica mais do que doze meses. Eu apostaria na tese da continuidade, mas talvez ele esteja mais bem informado do que eu. Eu me oriento apenas pela minha percepção das coisas, que é eminentemente subjetiva...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Amorim volta ao governo como ministro da Defesa
InfoRel, 06/08/2011 - 12h12
O ex-ministro das Relações Exteriores, Celso Amorim, retornou ao governo sete meses depois de deixá-lo. Agora como ministro da Defesa, ele terá muito trabalho para ganhar a confiança do meio militar.
Com a demissão prá lá de anunciada do ministro Nelson Jobim, a presidente Dilma Rousseff surpreendeu ao chamar o ex-chanceler.
Celso Amorim já foi considerado o melhor diplomata do mundo, mas nos quartéis é odiado.
Ele deverá assumir o cargo na próxima semana.
Seu nome foi “sugerido” pelo ex-presidente Lula.
Cotado para o cargo e com apoio dos militares, Aldo Rebelo (PCdoB-SP) foi ignorado pela presidente. Sua atuação durante a votação do Código Florestal pesou.
Na época, o deputado foi acusado de unir-se ao PSDB e ao DEM para aprovar seu relatório.
Celso Amorim chega ao ministério da Defesa com várias obras inacabadas como a licitação para a compra de caças para a FAB, a elaboração do Livro Branco da Defesa e a criação da Comissão da Verdade.
Além disso, terá pela frente o desafio de evitar mais cortes no orçamento militar.
No início do ano, a presidente anunciou que R$ 4,4 bilhões seriam cortados o que obrigou as Forças Armadas a readequarem seus gastos e prioridades.
Agora, Exército, Marinha e Aeronáutica, podem perder mais 50% do que sobrou. Caso isso se confirme, todos os projetos em curso sofrerão adiamentos e muitos terão de ser paralisados por completo.
Análise da Notícia
Marcelo Rech
Quando a presidente Dilma Rousseff assumiu em janeiro, já sabia que seu ministério passaria por uma reforma em no máximo dois anos.
Diferentemente de seu antecessor, ela viu caírem três ministros em sete meses (sem contar a quantidade de assessores de segundo e terceiro escalões colocados no olho da rua).
Ainda assim, uma reforma ministerial deverá ser realizada em abril de 2012 (é ano eleitoral e muita gente vai aproveitar para se mandar antes de serem demitidos).
Celso Amorim que não servia para continuar no Itamaraty chega para um mandato tampão.
Não deve ficar 12 meses no cargo.
Os militares não o toleram. Não gostam dele e não compactuam com seus gostos ideológicos.
Se não se mancar, saem com ele.
Foi uma péssima escolha da presidente.
Para piorar, Celso Amorim ainda fará sombra ao seu ex-Secretário-Geral, Antonio Patriota.
No cargo de ministro, Patriota tem conduzido vários assuntos de forma muito diferente da de seu antecessor.
Dilma ainda não conseguiu musculatura suficiente para imprimir sua marca ao seu governo.
Lula manda e desmanda e dissimulado, não assume.
O próprio ex-presidente não acredita na capacidade de sua pupila. Para Lula, apenas ele é capaz de governar.
"É permitida a reprodução total ou parcial, desde que citada a fonte"
Fonte: www.inforel.org
Comentários
Faça o seu comentário »
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
Amorim volta ao governo como ministro da Defesa
InfoRel, 06/08/2011 - 12h12
O ex-ministro das Relações Exteriores, Celso Amorim, retornou ao governo sete meses depois de deixá-lo. Agora como ministro da Defesa, ele terá muito trabalho para ganhar a confiança do meio militar.
Com a demissão prá lá de anunciada do ministro Nelson Jobim, a presidente Dilma Rousseff surpreendeu ao chamar o ex-chanceler.
Celso Amorim já foi considerado o melhor diplomata do mundo, mas nos quartéis é odiado.
Ele deverá assumir o cargo na próxima semana.
Seu nome foi “sugerido” pelo ex-presidente Lula.
Cotado para o cargo e com apoio dos militares, Aldo Rebelo (PCdoB-SP) foi ignorado pela presidente. Sua atuação durante a votação do Código Florestal pesou.
Na época, o deputado foi acusado de unir-se ao PSDB e ao DEM para aprovar seu relatório.
Celso Amorim chega ao ministério da Defesa com várias obras inacabadas como a licitação para a compra de caças para a FAB, a elaboração do Livro Branco da Defesa e a criação da Comissão da Verdade.
Além disso, terá pela frente o desafio de evitar mais cortes no orçamento militar.
No início do ano, a presidente anunciou que R$ 4,4 bilhões seriam cortados o que obrigou as Forças Armadas a readequarem seus gastos e prioridades.
Agora, Exército, Marinha e Aeronáutica, podem perder mais 50% do que sobrou. Caso isso se confirme, todos os projetos em curso sofrerão adiamentos e muitos terão de ser paralisados por completo.
Análise da Notícia
Marcelo Rech
Quando a presidente Dilma Rousseff assumiu em janeiro, já sabia que seu ministério passaria por uma reforma em no máximo dois anos.
Diferentemente de seu antecessor, ela viu caírem três ministros em sete meses (sem contar a quantidade de assessores de segundo e terceiro escalões colocados no olho da rua).
Ainda assim, uma reforma ministerial deverá ser realizada em abril de 2012 (é ano eleitoral e muita gente vai aproveitar para se mandar antes de serem demitidos).
Celso Amorim que não servia para continuar no Itamaraty chega para um mandato tampão.
Não deve ficar 12 meses no cargo.
Os militares não o toleram. Não gostam dele e não compactuam com seus gostos ideológicos.
Se não se mancar, saem com ele.
Foi uma péssima escolha da presidente.
Para piorar, Celso Amorim ainda fará sombra ao seu ex-Secretário-Geral, Antonio Patriota.
No cargo de ministro, Patriota tem conduzido vários assuntos de forma muito diferente da de seu antecessor.
Dilma ainda não conseguiu musculatura suficiente para imprimir sua marca ao seu governo.
Lula manda e desmanda e dissimulado, não assume.
O próprio ex-presidente não acredita na capacidade de sua pupila. Para Lula, apenas ele é capaz de governar.
"É permitida a reprodução total ou parcial, desde que citada a fonte"
Fonte: www.inforel.org
Comentários
Faça o seu comentário »
Tiririca: uma certa e outra errada, mas esta' tudo errado, claro
Primeiro a transcrição das declarações [inventadas] do preclaro personagem e nobre deputado:
Tiririca diz que corrupção no governo pior do que tá não fica
G17, 6/08.2011
Tiririca tentou levantar o ânimo dos brasileiros garantindo que a corrupção chegou ao limite
O Deputado Federal Tiririca resolveu levantar o ânimo dos brasileiros que andam descontentes e desacreditados com o país, por causa dos escândalos no governo, que surgem de hora em hora.
“A corrupção no governo brasileiro pior do que tá não fica”, disse Tiririca querendo animar a população sofrida.
O palhaço, que também é deputado – ou o contrário, visto que deputado também é palhaço – disse que não há razões para desacreditarem no Brasil, porque os índices de escândalos que surgem a todo instante não podem aumentar, pois já atingiram todos os limites.
Ao ser interrogado pelo repórter de G1 sobre a razão de haver tantos palhaços no poder, Tiririca rebateu: “Palhaços são vocês abestados que votam na gente”.
Lamento discordar do nobre deputado, mas vou ser pessimista quanto à primeira afirmação. Não só a corrupção deve ficar maior do que já está -- o Brasil desmente a Lei de Murphy todos os dias -- como ela já é muito pior, mas muuuuuiiiiito pior, do que vocês podem imaginar.
Quem é ingênuo para acreditar que ela se resume nesses poucos casos delatados pela imprensa? Quem acha que ela pode diminuir? Ela é, provavelmente, dez vezes maior, senão mais, do que o detectado até agora, e jamais será possível medir toda a sua extensão. E posso apostar que as pessoas -- os corruptos, quero dizer -- estão aperfeiçoando novos métodos para continuar roubando sem essas desagradáveis surpresas do TCU, da imprensa, de bisbilhoteiros...
Quanto à segunda afirmação, concordo inteiramente com ele.
Ele não é idiota ao se apresentar como deputado, nem o partideco vagabundo que o colocou na cabeça de lista.
Idiotas são os mais de UM MILHÃO de paulistas que o elegeram deputado: esses sim são perfeitos idiotas, ainda que muitos pretendessem apenas protestar contra um sistema parlamentar falido, que elege justamente bandidos e corruptos. Pois elegeram um idiota completo, que vai passar quatro anos rindo dos mais idiotas que o elegeram...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
PS.: Agradeço ao Stefano ter me alertado para a falsidade da notícia [como sempre leio muita coisa, rapidamente, sou suscetível de cair em pegadinhas também, sobretudo porque recebo muita coisa em minha caixa). Mas se a matéria é falsa, a realidade não é, pois ela é perfeitamente plausível e possível, imaginável e até perfeitamente cabível, neste mesmo momento em que estamos lendo e "falando": alguém está roubando o Estado, isto é, todos nós, de alguma maneira. em algum lugar. E mantenho o que disse sobre os eleitores do idiota acima...
Tiririca diz que corrupção no governo pior do que tá não fica
G17, 6/08.2011
Tiririca tentou levantar o ânimo dos brasileiros garantindo que a corrupção chegou ao limite
O Deputado Federal Tiririca resolveu levantar o ânimo dos brasileiros que andam descontentes e desacreditados com o país, por causa dos escândalos no governo, que surgem de hora em hora.
“A corrupção no governo brasileiro pior do que tá não fica”, disse Tiririca querendo animar a população sofrida.
O palhaço, que também é deputado – ou o contrário, visto que deputado também é palhaço – disse que não há razões para desacreditarem no Brasil, porque os índices de escândalos que surgem a todo instante não podem aumentar, pois já atingiram todos os limites.
Ao ser interrogado pelo repórter de G1 sobre a razão de haver tantos palhaços no poder, Tiririca rebateu: “Palhaços são vocês abestados que votam na gente”.
Lamento discordar do nobre deputado, mas vou ser pessimista quanto à primeira afirmação. Não só a corrupção deve ficar maior do que já está -- o Brasil desmente a Lei de Murphy todos os dias -- como ela já é muito pior, mas muuuuuiiiiito pior, do que vocês podem imaginar.
Quem é ingênuo para acreditar que ela se resume nesses poucos casos delatados pela imprensa? Quem acha que ela pode diminuir? Ela é, provavelmente, dez vezes maior, senão mais, do que o detectado até agora, e jamais será possível medir toda a sua extensão. E posso apostar que as pessoas -- os corruptos, quero dizer -- estão aperfeiçoando novos métodos para continuar roubando sem essas desagradáveis surpresas do TCU, da imprensa, de bisbilhoteiros...
Quanto à segunda afirmação, concordo inteiramente com ele.
Ele não é idiota ao se apresentar como deputado, nem o partideco vagabundo que o colocou na cabeça de lista.
Idiotas são os mais de UM MILHÃO de paulistas que o elegeram deputado: esses sim são perfeitos idiotas, ainda que muitos pretendessem apenas protestar contra um sistema parlamentar falido, que elege justamente bandidos e corruptos. Pois elegeram um idiota completo, que vai passar quatro anos rindo dos mais idiotas que o elegeram...
Paulo Roberto de Almeida
PS.: Agradeço ao Stefano ter me alertado para a falsidade da notícia [como sempre leio muita coisa, rapidamente, sou suscetível de cair em pegadinhas também, sobretudo porque recebo muita coisa em minha caixa). Mas se a matéria é falsa, a realidade não é, pois ela é perfeitamente plausível e possível, imaginável e até perfeitamente cabível, neste mesmo momento em que estamos lendo e "falando": alguém está roubando o Estado, isto é, todos nós, de alguma maneira. em algum lugar. E mantenho o que disse sobre os eleitores do idiota acima...
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