Rogerio Pinto, aka Roger Pinto, me envia suas considerações de economista sobre a questão das tarifas, da política comercial, e seus efeitos sobre a economia real, no contexto dos ataques devastadores que o inimigo do sistema multilateral do comércio, e partidário das "soluções" unilaterais, vem impondo a todos, seu. disse TODOS seus parceiros comerciais (menos é claro seu amigo Putin a à Rússia):
IMPORT TARIFFS
For those following the debate around tariffs as imposed by the Trump Administration, and the uninformed and misguided assertions as to who will ultimately pay for them, the news media has come up short of offering a plausible explanation as to where the final costs of tariffs will really rest. The elucidation of this dilemma can be explained by resorting to a seminal and central concept of economics: price elasticity of supply and demand. Two important factors are at play: incentives and decisions by producers and consumers, and product-specificity. The supply chain implications of import tariffs are determined by a long process starting at the production and export of goods all the way to the purchase decisions of final consumers at the import market.
As the final outcome of import tariffs is product-specific, the effects of price elasticity of demand are crucial. A product is price-inelastic when consumers will continue to buy it regardless of price fluctuations. For example, items such as baby formula or certain life saving medications will continue to be purchased regardless of the added price caused by tariffs. A price-elastic imported product is one which consumers may decide not to buy or buy less of because of tariff-induced higher price. He may also buy a nationally produced substitute, when available.
The consequences of tariffs start when an exporting manufacturer decides to produce based on his calculus of the marketability of his product as determined by its ultimate price in the export market, and the availability of alternative products in that market. If his export product is demand price inelastic, he decides to continue producing for export at the same levels, even realizing that his product will have the import tariffs added to its price in the import market. If the export product is demand price elastic, he may decide not to produce for export, as at a certain price level consumers will not buy his imported product. This choice process is known as price elasticity of supply. Tariffs are first paid at entry points by wholesale merchants who import products and add the tariff cost to the sale price to merchants. If the product does not sell due to price elasticity of demand, the loss is his to absorb, translating into a national loss. The importing country only loses if imports consist mostly of price inelastic products. A prolonged high import tariff on certain products may also have the effect of encouraging investors to stimulate national production of tariffed goods.
Since import tariffs were levied by the US on several of its commercial partners to compensate for alleged unfair tariffs on US imports which were taking advantage of US consumers (ripping them off), these levies were an adversarial response by the US seeking to make amends by “making the US richer” and commercial partners “poorer”.
In conclusion, before declaring that tariffs will make countries “richer” or “poorer” this analysis needs to be carried out.
Dr. Roger Pinto
3/21/2026
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